THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 99 
Clupea estivalis Bean, Bull. U. S. F. Com., VII, 1892, p. 149. 
—Moore, Bull. U. S. F. Com. XII, 1892, p. 359.—Smith, Bull. 
WW. S.F. CGom:, XII, 1892, p:. 368. 
Genus ALosa Cuvier. 
The Shad. 
Alosa sapidissima (Wilson). 
Shad. Jack. Brass Back. 
Head 4; depth 27%; D. Iv, 13; A. 111, 18; scales 56 in lateral 
series to base of caudal, and about 4 more on latter; 18 scales 
between dorsal and ventral; abdominal scutes 22 + 16; man- 
dible 134 in head; edge of dorsal anteriorly 134; base of anal 
1%; pectoral 134; ventral 2%; least depth of caudal peduncle 
2%; lower caudal lobe 1; snout 4 in head, measured from tip 
of upper jaw; eye 4; maxillary 2; interorbital space 4. Body 
comparatively deep, strongly compressed. Head deep and free 
portion of cheek deeper than long. Jaws toothless, upper with 
a sharp deep notch at tip and premaxillaries meeting at a very 
acute angle. Mandible not protruding. Maxillary reaching 
about opposite posterior margin of pupil, and its greatest expan- 
sion about two-thirds of orbit. Interorbital space convex. Oper- 
cular edge of gill-opening deeply incised below.  Gill-rakers 
40 + 70, very long, slender, inner finely denticulate, and longest 
much longer than longest filaments or about equal to snout. 
Peritoneum white. Dorsal inserted nearer tip of snout than base 
of caudal. Anal inserted nearer base of caudal than origin of 
ventral, low, and first rays but little elevated. Lower caudal lobe 
a little larger. Pectoral small, about four-sevenths of space to 
ventral. Ventral inserted behind dorsal and a little less than two- 
fifths of space to anal. Color bluish on back, otherwise silvery- 
white. A slaty or dusky blotch behind opercle followed by a 
series of indistinct blotches of pale slaty, and in some lights 
several smaller series below, though very faint. Dorsal and 
caudal tinted with dusky, other fins pale. Iris silvery. Length 
23 inches. Delaware River. 
