180 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 
Lucius reticulatus Bean, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., IX, 1897, 
p. 352.—Evermann, Recreation, April, 1902, p. 292. 
Family UMBRID&. 
The Mud Minnows. 
Body oblong, broad anteriorly, compressed behind. Head 
large, flattened above. Mouth moderate, with bands of villiform 
or cardiform teeth on premaxillaries, lower jaw, vomer and pala- 
tines. Premaxillaries not protractile. Lateral margin of upper 
jaw formed by broad short maxillaries which are toothless and 
without distinct supplemental bone. Lower jaw longer. Gill- 
openings wide, membranes scarcely connected. Gill-rakers little 
developed. Pseudobranchie hidden, glandular. Branchiostegals 
6 to 8. Stomach without blind sac. No pyloric cceca. Air- 
vessel simple. Oviparous, sexes similar. Scales moderate, cy- 
cloid, covering head and body. Lateral line wanting. Dorsal fin 
moderate, posterior, in advance of anal. Caudal rounded. Pec- 
torals inserted low. Ventrals small, close to anal. 
Small carnivorous fishes, extremely tenacious of life. They 
live among weeds, or more usually in mud, at the bottom of slug- 
gish streams or ponds. ‘They differ from the Esocid@ chiefly in 
the smaller mouth and weaker teeth. Like Aphredoderus and 
other associated American fresh-water forms, Umbra must be 
regarded as an archaic type characteristic of some earlier fish- 
fauna. A single genus and species in the state. 
Genus Umsra Muller. 
Umbra pygmezea (De Kay). 
PLATE 16. 
Mud Minnow. Mud Fish. 
Head 3%; depth 4; D. m1, 12; A. 111, 6; scales 30 in a lateral 
series to base of caudal and 3 more on latter; 13 scales between 
origin of dorsal and that of ventral; about 25 scales before dor- 
