202 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 
j. A slit behind last gill; lower pharyngeals. 
separate, or very rarely coalescent; scales 
cycloid or ctenoid. PERCOMORPHI 
jj. No slit behind last gill; lower pharyn- 
geals fully without suture; scales cycloid. 
PHARYNGOGNATHI 
uw. Post-temporal typically co-ossified with 
skull. 
k. Maxillary normal. SQUAMIPENNES. 
kk. Maxillary co-ossified with premaxil- 
laries and dentaries with articulars. 
l. Teeth in jaws distinct. 
m. Skin covered with scales of 
moveable plates; spinous dor- 
sal present. SCLERODERMI 
mm. Body covered with immoy- 
able bony scutes forming a 
carapace; spinous dorsal ob- 
solete. OSTRACODERMI 
ll. Teeth coalescent into 1 or 2 bony 
plates in each jaw; no_ spinous. 
dorsal or ventrals. GYMNODONTES 
hh. Suborbital with bony stay back from suborbital 
ring to or toward preopercle. 
n. Pectoral fin simple ; 
shoulder-girdle and jaws 
normal. PAREIOPLITA 
nn. Pectoral fin divided in 2 
parts, or with free de- 
tached rays; widely-sep- 
arated shoulder-girdle 
peculiarly modified; post- 
temporal forming integ- 
ral part of skull; postero- . 
temporal crowded out of 
place above and on each 
side of post-temporal. 
CRANIOMI 
dd. Inner ventral rays of each fin longest. GOBIOIDEL 
cc. Spinous dorsal modified into a lamellated sucking-disk on top of 
head. DISCOCEPH ALI 
bb. Cranium twisted so that both eyes are on same side of head in adult; 
dorsal and anal very long; no spines in fins. HETEROSOMATA 
aa. Ventrals jugular. 
o. Pseudobranchie present; spinous dorsal usually long. JUGULARES 
00. No pseudobranchiz; spinous dorsal very short. HAPLODOCI 
