THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 237 
Pseudobranchiz present, large. Branchiostegals 7, Air-vessel 
small, sometimes present. Stomach sac-shaped. Pyloric coeca 
numerous. First upper pharyngeal present, without teeth. Sec- 
ond with teeth, and third and fourth co-dssified, with teeth. Lower 
pharyngeals separate. Vertebrz 31 to 66, in greater number than 
in Carangide. Body covered with minute cycloid scales, and 
anteriorly sometimes forming a corselet. Lateral line present, its 
course undulate. Dorsal dins 2, first of rather weak spines, de- 
pressible in a groove, second similar to anal, and elevated anterior 
lobe always distinct. Last rays of dorsal and anal detached and 
separate, forming in each case a series of finlets. Caudal lobes 
abruptly diverging, falcate and fin adapted to rapid motion. 
Anal spines weak. Ventrals I, 5, well developed, thoracic. Col- 
oration metallic, often brilliant, and prevailing shade steel blue. 
Fishes of high seas, many cosmopolitan, and all having a wide 
range. Most are valued as food-fishes, the flesh firm and oily, 
but sometimes coarse. 
Key to the genera. 
a. ScoMBRIN#. Caudal peduncle without median keel on each side; pectoral 
inserted high, on level of eye. SCOMBER 
aa. SARDINA:. Caudal peduncle with median keel, a small keel above and 1 
below this; pectoral usually inserted below eye. 
b. Body scaleless, excepting about lateral line and corselet. PELAMYS 
bb. Body wholly covered with small scales, those on corselet and lateral 
line sometimes larger. 
c. Teeth of jaws slender, subconical, little if at all compressed; gill- 
rakers numerous; corselet distinct; pectorals inserted low. 
d. Vomer and palatines with villiform or sand-like teeth; body 
robust, compressed. THUNNIS 
dd. Vomer toothless; body elongate, slightly compressed. SARDA 
cc. Teeth in jaws strong, subtriangular or knife-like and compressed ; 
corselet obscure; pectorals inserted near level with eye. 
SCOMBEROMORUS 
Genus ScoMBER Linnzus. 
The Mackerels. 
Key to the species. 
a. Sides below median line of body opaque silvery. SCOMBRUS 
aa. Sides below median line of body in adult mottled. COLIAS 
