THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. A413 
Order ANACANTHINI. 
The Spineless Jugular Fishes. 
A large group in the cold waters of northern seas, separated 
from other typical fishes by the entire hypercoracoid. 
Key to the families. 
a. Chin with barbel, rarely obsolete; frontal ones without a triangular 
excavated area above. GADIDA 
aa. No barbels; frontal bones paired, with triangular excavated area above, 
divergent frontal crests continuous from forked occipital crest. 
MERLUCCIID 
Family GADIDA. 
The Cod Fishes. 
Body more or less elongate, caudal region moderate, coniform 
behind and with caudal rays procurrent above and below. Mouth 
large, terminal. Chin with a barbel more or less developed. Edge 
of preopercle usually covered by skin of head. Suborbital bones 
moderate. Gill-openings very wide. Gill-membranes separated 
or somewhat united, commonly free from isthmus. Gills 4, a slit 
behind fourth. No pseudobranchiz. Air-vessel generally well 
developed. Pyloric cceca usually numerous, but sometimes few 
or none. Scales small, cycloid. No spines, fin rays all articu- 
lated. Dorsal fin extending almost length of back, forming 1, 2 
or 3 fins. Anal long, single or divided. Caudal distinct, or con- 
fluent with dorsal and anal. Ventrals jugular, attached to pubic 
bone, each of 1 to 8 branched rays. 
Fishes chiefly of northern seas, some living in the oceanic 
abysses. Many are important food-fishes. 
Key to the genera. 
eg. GapIN#%. Anal divided as 2 separate fins, dorsal as 3. 
b. Lower jaw protruding beyond upper; barbel small or obsolete; 
caudal concave behind. POLLACHIUS 
