442 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 
Byanchihyals. Small bones at base of gill-arches. 
Branchiostegals. Bony rays supporting membranes under the head below the 
opercular bones. 
Buccal. Relating to the mouth. 
Caducous. Soon falling off. 
Cecal. Of blind sack-like form. 
Cecum. Blind sack-like appendage connected with the alimentary canal at the 
posterior end of the stomach. 
Canines. Any conical teeth in jaws longer or larger than the others. 
Cardiform teeth. Coarse and sharp teeth like wool cards. 
Carinate. Keeled, usually with reference to a ridge along median line. 
Carotid. The great artery running to the head. 
Carpus. ‘The wrist. 
Catadromous. Said of fresh-water fishes which descend to the sea to spawn. 
Caudal fin. Fin at or on the tail. 
Caudal peduncle. Region between anal and caudal, and dorsal and caudal, 
fins. 
Cavernous. Containing cavities, either empty or filled with mucous. 
Centrum. Body of a vertebra. 
Cephalic fins. Detached part of pectoral on head of certain rays. 
Ceratobranchials. Bones of branchial arches just below their angle. 
Ceratohyal. A hyoid bone. 
Chiasma. Crossing of the optic nerve fibers. 
Chin. Space at front of lower jaw. 
Ciliated. Fringed with eyelid-like projections. 
Cirri. Fringes. 
Claspers. Male reproductive organs attached to the ventral fins of sharks, 
skates, etc. 
Clavicle. Collar-bone, or lower anterior part of shoulder-girdle, not entering 
arm-socket. 
Compressed. Flattened laterally. 
Condyle. Articulating surface of a bone. 
Coracoid. WHypercoracoid. Principal shoulder-girdle bone. 
Cramal. Relating to the skull. 
Ctenoid. Usually of scales with rough edges, due to being minutely spinous 
or pectinated. 
Cycloid. Usually of scales with smooth edges, not ctenoid, but concentric- 
ally striate. 
Deciduous. Falling off, or temporary. 
Decurved. Curved downward. 
Dentary. Principal bone in front of lower jaw bearing teeth. 
Dentate. With tooth-like notches. Denticulate. 
Denticle. <A little tooth. 
Depressed. Flattened vertically. 
Depth. Usually vertical diameter of body. 
Dermal. Relating to the skin. 
Diaphanous. ‘Translucent. 
