THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 443 
Distal. Remote from point of attachment 
Dorsal. Relating to the back. 
Dorsal fin. Fin on the back. 
Emarginate. Slightly forked or notched. 
Endoskeleton. The skeleton, or inner bony frame-work of the body. 
Enteron. Alimentary canal. 
Epibranchials. Bones directly above the angle of the branchial arches. 
Epihyal. One of the hyoid bones. 
Epipleurals. Bony rays attached to the ribs and anterior vertebrz, usually 
touching the skin about the lateral line. 
Erectile. Susceptible of being raised or erected. 
Ethmoid. A median, bone in the front of the skull. 
Exoccipitals. Two bones on the back of the skull, one on each side of the 
foramen magnum. 
Exoskeleton. Outer skeleton, or such hard parts on the surface of the body 
as scutes, scales, etc. 
Exserted. Projecting beyond the general level. 
Extralimital. Beyond the limits. 
Falcate. Sickle-shaped. 
Falciform. Curved like a sickle. 
Fauna. Animals inhabiting any region considered collectively. 
Femoral. Relating to the femur, or proximal bone of the hind limb. 
Filament. A slender thread-like structure. 
Filiform. 'Thread-form. 
Fontanel. An unossified space, as that on top of head covered by membrane. 
Foramen. A hole or opening. 
Foramen magnum. Opening in the back of the skull for the passage of the 
spinal cord. 
Forehead. Frontal curve of the head. 
Forficate. Scissors-like. 
Fosse. Usually grooves in which the nostrils open. 
Frontal bone. Front bone on top of the head, usually paired. 
Fulcra. Rudimentary spine-like projections on the front fin-rays of ganoid 
fishes. 
Furcate. Forked. 
Fusiform. Spindle-shaped, or tapering at both ends. 
Ganglion. A nerve center. 
Ganoid. Enameled bony scales or plates. 
Gape. Opening of the mouth. 
Gill-arches. Bony arches to which gills are attached. 
Gill-openings. Openings leading to or from the branchie. 
Gill-rakers. Variously formed bony appendages along the inner edge of the _ 
gill-arch. 
Gills. Organs for breathing air in the water. 
Glabrous. Smooth. 
Glossohyal. 'Tongue-bone. 

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