444 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 
Graduated. Progressing or decreasing in length, usually with reference to 
spines or rays in series. 
Granulate. Finely roughened. 
Gular. Relating to the upper foreneck. 
Hemal arch. An arch under a hemal spine for the passage of a blood-vessel. 
Hemal canal. The series of hemal arches as a whole. 
Hemal spine. Lowermost spine of a caudal vertebra. 
Hemopophyses. Processes on lower side of an abdominal vertebra. 
Height. Vertical diameter. 
Heterocercal. With reference to an unequal tail with the backbone evidently 
extending into the upper lobe. 
Homocercal. With reference to a tail evidently unequal or the backbone 
apparently stopping at the middle of the base of the caudal fin. 
Humerus. The proximal bone of the fore limb. 
Hyoid. Relating to the tongue. 
Hyoid apparatus. Series of bones inside lower jaw supporting the tongue. 
Hyomandibular. A bone by which the posterior end of the suspensorium 
articulates with the skull; the supporting element of the suspensorium, 
mandible, hyoid and opercular bones. 
Hypercoracoid. Upper of two bones attached to the clavicle indirectly bearing 
the pectoral fin. 
Hypleural. Modified last vertebra supporting the caudal fin. 
Hypobranchials. Branchial bones below the ceratobranchials. 
Hypocoracoid. Lower of two bones attached to clavicle behind. 
Hypohyals. Usually four small bones by which the respective sides of the 
hyoid apparatus are joined. 
Imbricate. Overlapping. 
Inarticulate. Not jointed. 
Incisors. Front cutting-teeth. 
Inferior pharyngeals. Lower pharyngeals. 
Infraoral. Below mouth. 
Interhemals. Bones to which anal rays are attached. 
Interhemal spines. Elements supporting anal fin. 
Interhyal. Upper hyoid bone attached to hyomandibular, 
Intermaxillaries. Premaxillaries. 
Intermusculars. Epipleurals. 
Interneurals. Bones to which dorsal rays are attached. 
Interneural spines. Elements supporting dorsal fin. 
Interorbital. Between eyes. 
Interopercle. Membrane bone attached between preopercle and branchios- 
tegals. 
Interspinals. Bones to which fin-rays are attached. Interspinous bones. 
Isocercal. With reference to the tail of which the last vertebre are gradu- 
ated smaller and ending in median line of caudal fin. 
Isthmus. Junction, usually between the branchial cavities, of the chest with 
the throat. 
