THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 447 
Plicate. Folded so as to show transverse folds or wrinkles. 
Plumbeous. ead-colored or dull bluish-gray. 
Polygamous. Male mating with more than a single female. 
Postclavicle. A ray composed of one or two bones attached to inner upper 
surface of clavicle and extending downward. 
Postocular. Behind eye. Postorbital. 
Post-temporal. Bone suspending shoulder-girdle from cranium. 
Precoracoid. Portion of coracoid more or less separated from rest. 
Precoracoid arch. Arch in front of coracoid in most soft-rayed forms. 
Prefrontals. Bones forming side projections at front end of skull. 
Premavillaries. A bone on each side of front of upper jaw, usually larger 
than maxillaries and bearing most of teeth. 
Premolars. Small grinders, or teeth between canines and true molars. 
Preocular. Before eye. 
Preopercle. Membrane bone lying in front of opercle, more or less parallel. 
Preorbital. Usually large membrane bone before eye. 
Procelian, Concave in front only. 
Procurrent. Usually of fin with lower rays inserted progressively farther 
forward. 
Projectile. Capable of being thrust forward. 
Prootic. Bone forming front side of brain-case. 
Protractile. Capable of being drawn forward. 
Proximal, Nearest. 
Pseudobranchig. Small gills on inner side of opercle. 
Pterotic. Bone at side process back on skull. 
Pterygoids. Bones on roof of mouth behind palatines. 
Pubic bones. Pelvic bones. 
Pubis. Front and lower part of pelvis. 
Pulmonary. Relating to lungs. 
Pyloric ceca. Glandular appendages in form of blind sacs, opening into 
alimentary canal at the pylorus or junction of stomach with intestine. 
Quadrate. Bone of suspensorium to which mandible is hinged. 
Quincunx. Set of 5 arranged 
Radius. Outer bone of fore limb. 
Ray. Cartilaginous rod supporting membrane of a fin. 
Recurved. Curved upward. 
Reticulate. Marked like a network. 
Retrorse. Turned backward. 
Roe. Ova. 
Rudimentary. Undeveloped. 
Rugose. Rough with wrinkles. 
Sacral. Relating to the sacrum or vertebre of pelvic region. 
Scapula. Shoulder-blade, or bone of shoulder-girdle below post-temporal. 
Scapular arch. Shoulder-girdle. 
Scute. External bony or horny plate. 
Second dorsal. Posterior or soft part of dorsal fin when the two parts are 
separated. 
