30. REPORT OF NEW JERSEY ‘STATE MUSEUM: 
Order URODELA. 
The Salamanders. 
Body naked, subterete. Our forms always with 4 limbs. Tail 
persistent. Both jaws with teeth. No external gills in normal 
adult. Eggs laid in water or on land, in former case attached 
singly or in small numbers to leaves of aquatic plants, and in 
latter case in little concavities beneath stones or bark. 
The salamanders reach their greatest development in the tem- 
perate regions of the New World, and are probably of consider- 
able antiquity. 
Key to the families. 
a. TREMATODERA. Side of neck with a spiracle or rounded opening; no eye- 
lids; teeth on front or outer edges of palatines. CrYPTOBRANCHIDA 
aa. PseuposaurIA. Side of neck without spiracle; eyelids present; teeth on 
posterior or inner edges of palatines. 
b. Series of palatine teeth in transverse or posteriorly converging series, 
inserted on posterior portion of vomer. 
c. Vertebree amphiccelian, or double-concave. 
d. Parasphenoid, behind vomer, without teeth; tongue large, 
thick, with radiating folds, its margin little free; carpus and 
tarsus ossified. AMBYSTOMATIDA 
dd. Parasphenoid with teeth; tongue small, largely free; carpus 
and tarsus cartilaginous. PLETHODONTID AS 
cc. Vertebrz opisthoccelian, or concave behind only. pDESMOGNATHID# 
bb. Series of palatine teeth 2 longitudinally, diverging behind, and in- 
serted on inner margin of 2 palatine processes. PLEURODELIDA 
Family CRYPTOBRANCHIDA. 
The Giant Salamanders. 
Body robust. Limbs well developed. An orifice on each side 
of neck usually persistent throughout life. Tongue covering 
floor of mouth. Vomerine teeth on anterior border, very strong. 
Nostrils very small. No external gills. Toes 4-5. Vertebrz 
amphiccelous, without anterior double hypopophysis. ‘Tail devel- 
oped. Parietal and prefrontal bones embracing frontals and 
meeting above orbits. Vestibule with internal wall membranous. 
No ethmoid bone. Pterygoid bone present. Carpus and tarsus 
cartilaginous. 
