AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES. 8) 
out marked constriction except behind gular fold at neck. Costal 
grooves 14, counting axillary, and also an obsolete fifteenth may 
be seen at groin. About 4 very obsolete pelvic grooves. About 
a dozen or more grooves along side of tail, becoming obsolete 
and fading out towards its tip. No scapular groove. Gular 
fold very well developed, and sloping a little forward. Lat- 
eral grooves not encroaching much on sides of back very 
deeply, like on sides, though their courses obsoletely evident more 
or less across, both above and below. Down middle of back, 
from nape to tail, a median groove. Belly and lower surface 
yh 
Dusky Salamander. Desmognathus fusca (Rafinesque). 
smooth. Gular fold extending as a slightly blunt angle across 
throat. Trunk passes without constriction or swelling into 
rather short robust tail which is quadrate, or nearly square at 
base, though corners rounded, and becoming more compressed 
towards rapidly attenuated slender tip. Upper edge of tail with 
a well-developed keel most all its length, and lower surface with 
a median longitudinal groove from after vent for about % its 
length. In transverse section tail would be seen to be largely 
ovoid, at least for greater anterior portion, and with bulge 
below. Head wide, equal in width at least to greatest width of 
