201 



which fupply them, muft be cultivated, in every country. — Habitations 

 — aliment — cloathing ; and the utenfils, for obtaining and preparing 

 neceflaries of life, among which the mod: important, perhaps, are the 

 inftruments of hufbandry — all thefe, in a fuperior or inferior degree, 

 in a more rude or perfeft form ; may be found, among the mofl bar- 

 barous people ; for they depend only on the natural wants of man. 

 To thefe we may add the manufaflure of armour, or weapons, for de- 

 fence, and oiFence, of which no tribe or nation has been found wholly 

 deftitute. Other productions of human labour, depend on the artificial 

 wants, the luxury, the caprice of man, in a more advanced and polifli- 

 ed ftate of fociety. Produftions of the firft kind, which I have men- 

 tioned, we may call articles of prime and original necejjlty, and the ma- 

 nufaftures which produce them, manufadures of pri?ne or original utility. 

 The latter clafs we may call articles of the fecond or derivative neceffity, 

 and the manufaftures, that produce them, manufaftures oi fiibordinate or 

 derivative utility. 



Produftions of the firft clafs, v/ill, at all times and feafons, afford a 

 fource of employment, to produftive labour. The latter clafs of pro- 

 duftions furniflies employment more flu(fluating and variable, according 

 to the refinement, luxury, and opulence, of the people ; and fubjeft to 

 a thoufand changes of fafliion and caprice. This diftinftion ought to 

 engage the ferious attention of the legiflature; when it comes to con- 

 fider the various objefts of national induftry, and to apportion the mea- 

 fure of encouragement due to the various exertions of labour, and the 

 different produftions of art, or to confider them as objefts of taxation. 

 With refpeft to the quantity of labour and ikill, which may have been 

 employed, in the produftion of any commodity, and how far it is 

 changed from the rude ftate of exiftence, as a primum or raw mate- 

 rial, the manufaftiire which, caeteris paribus, employs moft produftive 

 labour, is cateris paribus, ■ moft advantageous to the community and le- 

 giflature. — Butter, for inftance, flour, malt, bread, beer, common fait, 

 kelp, pig, and bar iron, and a thoufand other objefts of commerce re- 



Vol. IX. ( C c ) quir.' 



