20S 



quire much lefs produflive labour, to prepare them for the market, than 

 the fame iron, when wrought into cutlery and hardware ; than pottery, 

 glafs, paper, and linen or woollen cloth. With refpeft to this diftinc- 

 tion, we may call the former clafs articles of rude, the latter ar- 

 ticles of confummate induilry. Produftions of the firft; kind are, at the 

 fame time, finifhed manufaftures, inafmuch as they have employed fome 

 difl:in£l clafs, or claffes of manufafturers, and are in a fit ftate, for being 

 brought to market ; and raw materials, inafmuch as they require to 

 be prepared, for the ufes of life and accommodation of man, by other 

 and more exquifite operations of induftry, thus, tanned leather is for- 

 med into does, iron into knives, linen or woollen-yarn into webs of 

 cloth. 



There is yet a further diftinftion, with reference to the intrinfio 

 value of the primum or crude material. The labour of man is fome- 

 times employed, on a coftly primum, of great original intrinfic value. 

 Sometimes, the primum is cheap, and of fmall intrinfic ufe or eftima- 

 tion, in itfelf, and the labour of man is all in all. The former is 

 flrikingly the cafe, in the manufaftures of jewellery, gold and filver. 

 It is alfo the cafe, in a fubordinate degree, with regard to the linen, 

 the woollen, the cotton, or above all, the filk manufaftures. In the 

 manufaftures of watches, of the highly finiflied kinds of hardware, 

 and toys ; of many chemical preparations, for luxury, or medicine ; of 

 various ingenious and complicated machines, of confiderable price, for 

 different purpofes ; of mathematical and philofophical inftruments ; and 

 of arms, of every kind ; the primum or materials, from whence thefe 

 different articles are fabricated or conftrufted, are of fmall, indeed, 

 comparatively fpeaking, of no value ; the adventitious value of human 

 exertion, in Ikill and labour, is, as I have faid above, all in all. There 

 are yet other fabrics, of a mixed nature, where, thaugh the primum it- 

 felf, is comparatively of little or no value, the manufafture requires an 

 expenfive apparatus of machinery, buildings, and offices, coftly in the 

 creftion, expenfive in the repairs, or liable to heavy rent. Here, the 



various 



