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Sect. viii. 

 Of Regulation and Controul. 



The eftablifhment and diffufion of arts and manufaftures depend on 

 two things, which muft co-operate in an amicable manner, though, 

 in name, and at firft fight, they feem to clafti ; — encouragement, and 

 regulation, indulgence and reftriftion. The exertions of human induftry 

 to be mod effeftual, at leaft, to be mod confident, with the happi- 

 nefs of the individual, mufl be free, like his will. This I mean, 

 with reference to the choice of objefts of induftry, and the felcftion 

 of one path of exertion, in preference to another. But, though re- 

 gulation may not point out any particular road, and compel men to 

 purfue it, or reftrain him from travelling, in that which he chufes ; it 

 may fairly compel him to walk uprightly, in his way, without joftling 

 his fellow-travellers, or injuring the adjacent fences of his neighbours. 



Encouragement prevents dcfpondency, and excites emulation ; regu- 

 lation excludes fraud, and enfures fubordination ; encouragement may 

 hold forth bounties, (if neceflary) or oifer immunities ; it may even, 

 in fome create monopolies. — Regulation, on the other hand, prevents 

 or puniflies, diflionefty, and iufubordination, and reftrains abufes. On 

 thefe principles, while the legiflature protefts the manufafturer, with d. pa- 

 rental love, it will alfo fcrutinize his conduft, with a parental feverity ; and 

 endeavour to deteft, and when deteftcd, to remedy, by fevere laws, all 

 mifcarriages, improprieties, and imperfeftions, in the manner of preparing, 

 and making up the different fabricks, for home, and foreign markets. 



To inftance, in the linen manufacture, the legiflature appoints infpeftors, 

 to control the linen manufacture, the favourite objeCl of the country. It 



examines 



