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spirit of luxury : the republic, in the spirit of public mag- 

 nificence; the monarchy, in that of private expense: the 

 republic, by the elevation of mind, and the correctness of 

 taste, to which it gives birth; the monarchy, by the love 

 of pleasure, which it encourages: the republic uses the///ie 

 arts as means of ambition, and engines of government; the 

 monarchy, as ministers of those indulgences, and pleasura- 

 ble enjoyments, which it is its polic}' to promote. The^'ne 

 arts^ which are respectively cultivated, in a republic and 

 monarchy, have always differed, in conformity with the 

 different character and principle of the two govei'nments. 

 The first are more noble, severe, and exalted; the others 

 more light, graceful, and pleasurable: the first, connected 

 with action, serious occupation, and the administration of 

 public affairs; the other, > resting in mere amusement, and 

 much connected with the gratification of the senses.* 



* The Ivingly government of the Jews may be considered as a limited 

 monarclij'; being governed, partly b}' the code of the Mosaic law, and partly 

 by the great power and credit of the hierarchy. The reign of Solomon, 

 which was long and glorious, may be regarded as the Augustan age of the 

 Hebrews: and wiiat we know of it may serve to shew the connexion between 

 the political state of the country, and the progress of the fine arts. The 

 prosperity of the Jewish nation, at this period, not only enabled them to cul- 

 tivate the arts and sciences, but induced foreigners to visit and assist them. 

 Instances of this we find, in what is related respecting the Queen of Sheba, 

 and Iliram, King of Tyre. As the Romans, in the time of Augustus, and his 

 successors, were indebted to the Greeks, for a great part of their knowledge 

 in the pohte arts; so the Hebrews, under Solomon, had assistance from 

 Kgyi") and from Tyre. As to music and poetry, which seem to have been 

 put on so respectable a footing, in the former reign, they appear to have 



had 



