38 Dr. Kennepy Baiwiz’s Researches amongst the inscribed Monuments 
which had happily supplanted the paganism of their forefathers. They recoiled 
with a pious horror from the associations which were connected with the ancient 
name of their city ; they despoiled it of its pagan decorations, or converted them, 
when it was possible to do so, to the purposes of their purer worship ; the forti- 
fications which encircled the town, which were due, in a great measure, to the 
prudent precaution of Constantius, even now, as I have already mentioned, pre- 
sent evidences of this disregard of the monuments of their Aphrodisian ancestors ; 
in the same spirit I conceive that the accession of Jovianus was marked by the 
insult to the memory of his predecessor which the architrave of the western 
portal of their city exhibits. 
In this view it affords a lively commentary on the accounts which have been 
left us by Libanius, Zosimus, Nazianzen, and other writers of the same period, 
of the exultation of the Christians on the one hand, and the despondency, on 
the other, of those who clung to their ancient superstitions, which were conse- 
quent upon the death of Julian.* By the latter his statues were placed in their 
temples amongst the images of their gods, whilst the former, who had not re- 
strained the ebullitions of their zeal, even during the plenitude of his power, were 
little likely to curb them when they had nothing to fear from his vengeance. 
There was retribution in this, as we may learn from the confession of even 
the heathen Ammianus. “He (Julian) enacted laws that were by no means 
oppressive, enjoining explicitly, or forbidding, certain things to be done; but to 
these there were some exceptions; amongst which I may reckon that harsh or- 
dinance whereby Christian rhetoricians and grammarians were prohibited from fol- 
lowing their professions unless they conformed to the worship of the gods.”= A 
cruel and arbitrary policy, and calculated to work its own revenge on the author! 
(or STAYPOY) TIOATS, one more congenial, certainly, to the new worship. Holstenius has re- 
marked this in his note on Stephanus, p. 316. 
* Compare, on the one side, Libanius, Serm. de vita sua, p. 45, c. Concio Funebr. (Orat. ix.) 
p- 251, b. Orat. x. p. 260, d. Zosimus, lib. iii. sub. fin. Zonaras, Blog. in ob. Julian. in Annal., 
tom. iii. pp. 23, s.; on the other, Nazianzen in Orat. iv. p. 117, a 
} “Jura condidit non molesta, absolute quedam jubentia fieri, vel arcentia, preter pauca ; inter 
qua erat illud inclemens, quod docere vetuit magistros rhetoricos et grammaticos Christianos, ni 
transissent ad numinum cultum.” Ammian. xxiv. 4. (Vol. ii. p. 47, Bip.) 
This is the testimony of a heathen; for the opinion of a professor of the proscribed faith on the 
subject, I may refer to Nazianzen. Orat. iii. p. 51, a., ete. 
