Rev. Epwarp Hincks on the Defacement of Egyptian Monuments. 107 
counted that portion of his monumental reign which elapsed after the death of 
his sister. 
The second occasion of defacement was a change in the religious sentiments 
of Amenothph IV., which led him to deface all the monuments of his predeces- 
sors in which the name or figure of Amoun, or Mouth, occurred, including all 
royal or other names, of which this name of Amoun formed a part. This change 
of sentiment led him to alter his own name from Amenothph (fig. 4, a), to 
Vach-en-Aten (>); and in one instance, mentioned by M. Prisse, on one of the 
blocks of a ruined propylon at Karnac the new name is found cut over the former 
one. It is yet an unsettled point in 
what precise place in the chronological 
series this fanatical enemy of Amoun 
should stand. It is clear that he 
reigned after Amenothph III., because 
the name of that monarch has  suf- 
fered defacement at his hands; but it 
is not likely that he was his immediate 
successor. He seems to have been the 
son of that king whose tomb is in the Fig. 4. 
western valley along with that of Amenothph III., and who has been called 
Skhai. This was certainly not his real name; but as it is not easy to say what 
this last was, and as it has been generally given to him, I will retain it on this 
occasion. It seems to me that Skhai was the son, and Amenothph IV. the grand- 
son of Amenothph III.; and that they reigned in Upper Egypt 
(fig. 5); while Horus, who was ultimately monarch of the whole =) =a i 
country, reigned in Lower Egypt (fig. 6). All these monarchs @ © 
bore the general titles denoting sovereignty over the two divi- 
Fig. 5. Fig. 6. 
sions of the country, which were words of course, and implied nothing; but the 
peculiar marks within the latter cartouche of each king signified over which part 
of Egypt he ruled, if he were not king of the whole. Thus Amenothph ITI. was 
in all his cartouches entitled King of Upper Egypt; while his brother Amun- 
tuonkh is always entitled king of Pone or Penne, that is, Lower Egypt. 1 
believe the use of these two distinguishing marks to be, in every instance where 
they occur in a genuine cartouche, evidence that the king whose cartouche it 
02 
