118 Rev. Epwarp Hincxs on Persepolitan Writing. 
sonant precedes 7 or v, when a secondary consonant existed of the same value as 
the primary one, and appropriate to that vowel, an a must be interposed, either 
as a distinct syllable or as a guna to the vowel.* The same rule applies to such 
combinations as yi or wu, which are inconsistent with the genius of the language. 
Thus, I write the name of Darius, Dérayawésh ; I call the country Harazitish, 
which Lassen writes Haruwwatis, inserting an a between 7, 9, and w, because 
there is a secondary 7, 5, which alone can precede w, and, on the other hand, 
dropping the wa after w, pursuant to the rule laid down in No. 2. The Greek 
name is Apaxwoia. The strong breathing between the vowels, here repre- 
sented by x, was, I presume, derived from some other Iranian dialect than that 
of I. In like manner I write Tigrakhédd for Lassen’s khudd, and so in other 
instances. The want of this a, to be supplied before a vowel, has led Wester- 
gaard astray in analyzing the transcriptions of II. It is the principle of that 
mode of writing to express every vowel; but that principle has not been recog- 
nized by Westergaard, in consequence of his having been led to give characters 
the powers of single consonants, which really expressed consonants with a at the 
end. 
Before leaving the subject of these secondary consonants I would observe, 
that, though it was an abuse, the secondary consonants were used occasionally to 
express syllables. Such was the old custom, as we may infer from its being 
the practice in IJ.; and though the alphabet of I. was constructed on the prin- 
ciple of not recognizing it, it was hard to banish from the language a mode to 
which they had been accustomed, and which still prevailed in neighbouring dia- 
lects, and, perhaps, in the popular mode of writing the language I., which was, 
doubtless, as in Egypt, different from the mode of writing used on the monu- 
* Within the last month, Mr. Norris of the Royal Asiatic Society has communicated to me the 
following facts, which appear to me decisive in favour of the rule here laid down. In the great 
inscription at Bisitun, the names of Cyrus and Babylon have the 7 or / expressed by 5, the secon- 
dary form, in the nominative, and by 9, the primary form, in the genitive; and that of Margiana 
has 22, the secondary form of g, in the nominative, and 25, the primary form, in the genitive. 
According to my mode of reading, the declension is, according to the analogy of the kindred lan- 
guages, N. Kurush, G. Kuraush; N. Margush, G. Margaush ; as in Sanscrit, N. Sinus, 
G. Sinés, for Simaus; in Zend, N. pasush, G. paseush. But what sort of a declension would 
be NV. Kurush, G. Kurush ; N. Marghush, G. Margush, according to Lassen’s reading of the cha- 
racters ? 
