122 Rev. Epwarp Hincks on Persepolitan Writing. 
would also observe that the nasal in the first name, dropped in I., is retained in 
II.; that w is, in the second name, as always in II., used for m followed by a 
vowel; and that the corresponding hard and soft sounds were not distinguished ; 
nor, generally speaking, were sand sh. These transcriptions, then, leave it open 
whether z was the soft sound of s or of sh ; but I think they prove that it was not 
that of ch, for this would, I should think, have been written with a ¢ before s. 
The Greek transcriptions are Dapayyae and Xwpacpuor, both with o in Hero- 
dotus; but Arrian writes the former name with a Z, and Strabo with a A, 
Apayyat. In modern Persian, the o in the latter word becomes z, and in Zend 
they are both represented by the corresponding letter. 2’ occurs only in the one 
name, which, in II., is totally different. The Greeks represented it by a a, 
Yodca, and in modern Persian it is represented by z. The third of these letters 
occurs in three names of countries; ParSawa was probably Persawa ; though the 
second character, which is partly defaced, may have been different from 8, which 
I take it to be. ASura is clearly As.sw.ra ; the third, Satagush, is Er.t.ta.ku.s; 
the syllable $a being translated into er, in place of being transcribed. This 
connects Sa etymologically with ga, yj, and with the Zend za. The Greek 
transcriptions are [IapOoc and Tlap@vaior, Acovpioe and Larrayvda. I may 
add that MiSra, the Sun God, was written MéOpas by the Greeks. — It appears 
to me evident that the $, in these transcriptions, had the sound of our soft th, or 
dh ; and that it was substituted for the soft sibilant, to which the Greeks had no 
proper equivalent in their language, their ¢ being properly a double letter. It 
is exceedingly improbable that this was the sound of the Persian letter in ques- 
tion, as we know that the modern Persians cannot pronounce it, but are obliged 
to substitute for it, when it occurs in Arabic words, the English <. 
In transcribing names of countries, it is certain, from what has been already 
said, that II. did not, in most instances, transcribe the names from I. The sup- 
position that they did led Westergaard into many errors. Thus, he reads the 
name of India, with hesitation, Sidhwsh, the name in I. being, according to 
Lassen, Hidhus. He inclines to believe the first letter a different one from that 
to which he gives the sound of sa, though closely resembling it; otherwise, he 
would have to represent the word, according to his alphabet, by Satthush. I read 
St.n.tw.s, as Lread Ersaranka for Zaraka, restoring the n, which I. had omitted. 
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