142 Rev. Epwarp Hincxs on the Number, Names, and Powers 
so as to be sounded Kark’mish. The Egyptian transcript, according to the 
received mode of reading, is Ka-ru-ka-ma-sha. 
The next word (fig. 17), occurring Pl. 96, 1. 3, is the name of a country, 
which is not itself mentioned in the Old Testament, but the inhabitants of which 
are called yon, Emori’; which would give for the name of the country ‘yan, 
Emér, after the analogy of Eddmi’, Edém. The vocalization is, however, uncertain, 
The versions make the first letter A; and it is more probable that the name 
was Amor or Amir. At any rate, we may be pretty sure that it had only two 
syllables ; but if the vowels in the Egyptian transcript should be all sounded, it 
would have four, A-ma-u-ru. 
The second character in this word is not a phonoglyph; it is the determina- 
tive sign which usually follows words connected with speech or with the mouth. 
When joined to the /ea/; as it is here, it marks it to be the interjection used in 
addressing a person. According to my view of the matter, the ame of the /eaf; 
considered as a letter, was pronounced in the same manner as this interjection. 
I may make a similar remark on the name of the last letter in this word, which 
occurs so often. The small bar under the mouth indicates that it is not to be 
pronounced according to its value as a phonoglyph, but as an ideoglyph; not as 
R, but as the Egyptian name of “a mouth.’’ If it had been of the feminine 
gender, a semicircle should have accompanied the small bar, as in the case of the 
> 
eye (fig. 18), where it signifies “an eye,”’ which was, in the old Egyptian lan- 
guage, Iri, of the feminine gender. Ro, as Champollion read it, or Ru, as 
Chevalier Bunsen reads it, was the old word signifying ‘‘a mouth,” and was of 
the masculine gender. Whatever be its true pronunciation, the name of the 
letter was the same. 
According to the principle above announced, the words that have been cited 
should be read with the omission of the expletive vowels. Even those which 
appear necessary to the pronunciation of the words are not to be retained as a 
matter of course. I prefer inserting the short natural vowel, which I will express 
by e, to be sounded as in other, when we have no authority from transcriptions 
to insert some other in preference to it; and, in the cases before us, I cannot 
consider that there is adequate authority for this except in the word Phrat. I 
write, then, the five words as follows, distinguishing the letters which I consider 
to be alone expressed by the hieroglyphics by capitals. MeRKeBeT, IeM, 
