of the Letters of the Hieroglyphic Alphabet. 143 
PHRaT, KeRKeMeSH, and AMUR. [think no person will question that, 
by this rejection of expletives, the words are made to conform with their Hebrew 
representatives, which before they certainly did not do. 
The use of the two letters, both expressed by their names, Pu-ha, to repre- 
sent the single letter ®, or F, may appear strange. I will only observe that 
there are many instances of this combination of these letters or their equivalents ; 
the Egyptians having no class of letters which were sounded aé Thebes as our F. 
I do not wish to lay any stress on inscriptions of the Greek or Roman age; but, 
by way of an illustration, and to shew that the use of expletive letters was not 
obsolete at the time of the Grecian conquest, I cannot refrain from copying the 
name of King Philip (fig. 20), as it occurs at Eshminin, or Hermopolis Magna. 
It is represented by ten characters, the two first of which represent the initial 
®, and the fourth and seventh of which are expletives. Writing the last in 
small letters, and the rest in capitals, itis PHIuLIuPUS. 
I will now give some instances in which the same foreign name is written 
hieroglyphically in different manners, which, according to the common mode of 
reading, should be prenounced very differently ; but which, according to my 
mode, are reduced to the very same elements. I begin with the name of a 
country (fig. 19), which occurs, Pl. 27, 1. 6, in conjunction with the name Ker- 
kemesh (fig. 16), among the allies of the Khuta. I agree with Mr. Birch in 
identifying this people with the Chalybes; and I suppose that their chief city 
was the XaAvBdv of the Greeks, mentioned by Strabo as supplying wine to the 
table of the King of Persia; which is called by Ezekiel yy25m, that is, Masoreti- 
cally, Khelvo’‘n. The termination may, however, have been a euphonic addition, 
as in BaBvAov, from Babel. The Syriac and Arabic names of the town are 
simply Khalab. According to the received mode of reading the Egyptian cha- 
racters, they would compose the word Khi-lu-bu, giving the mowth, in this 
instance, the power of L, which it had in common with that of R. 
In PI. 97, 1. 1, there is another name of a country (fig. 21), from which wine 
is said to be imported to Egypt. It occurs elsewhere very frequently, but, so 
far as I have observed, never in the same manuscript or inscription with fig. 19. 
I consider the two names to be equivalent. Mr. Birch, following Champollion, 
read the latter Sharw, and has latterly read it Kharu. He supposes it to be 
« Syria” generally. Rossellini read it Sho-moui, on the ground that the “ion, 
