144 Rev. Epwarp Hincxs on the Number, Names, and Powers 
having a small bar under it, ought to be pronounced as the old Egyptian name 
of “a lion,” which he supposed was Mowz, as in Coptic. The true name of this 
animal was, however, Labu (fig. 22), according to the received reading, or rather 
Lav. The Coptic derivative is Aa8&o1, Lavoi; the Hebrew, yrs, Lavi ; 
the old Greek A€Fav ; the German, Léwe ; the Bohemian Lew. All are to be 
referred to one root, L..V, or L..W, meaning probably “to seize.”’* The hiero- 
glyphic word which Champollion and Rossellini identified with the Coptic 22.074, 
does not signify, in the old language, “a lion”’ specifically, but ‘‘a beast of prey” 
generally, including many other animals as well as the lion.f In this particular 
word, I suppose that the name of the /éon was fully pronounced ; the gwail, in 
fig. 22, I believe to be expletive, so that the name in fig. 21 would be, according 
to my principle, KHeLAB, while that in fig. 19 would be KHeLeB. The 
consonants are the same in both; the /Ai of fig. 19, and the kha of fig. 21, being 
alike equivalent to the simple kh ; while the mouth and the deg, with their 
respective expletives, are equivalent to the dion ; though I grant that the latter 
might have signified no more than L or R. The use of expletives certainly 
causes some ambiguity, though not much more so than the absence of vowels. 
It is an inconvenient fact, the existence of which we may regret; but our regrets 
must not lead us to deny what is so fully established by evidence. 
In figs. 24 and 25 are two different modes of writing the name of a goddess, 
whom we cannot fail to recognize as the Astart of the Pheenicians; the mn4mwy 
of the Old Testament, which the Masorites have sometimes pointed as ’Ashto- 
reth, and sometimes as ’Ashtauréth. The first form occurs Pl. 87, 1. 4; the 
latter is given by Champollion (Gram. p. 122), who found it expressed hiero- 
glyphically, he does not say where. The three determinative signs at the end of 
the name denote that it belonged to a goddess. The semicircle was attached to 
all feminine nouns, the egg to names of females, while the basilisk was pecu- 
liar to female deities. The last name is, according to the received reading, 
Astart, without expletives ; in the former the names of the last two letters are 
substituted for them; and, if this were not corrected, the reading would be 
* See Donaldson’s New Cratylus, p. 550. 
+ This is evident from Pl. 144, 1.9. ‘On this day do not hunt any beasts fit for food, 
(unkhw) any wild beasts, (mai) nor any birds.” The two words here used are evidently generic. 
including all the kinds of beasts that were hunted. 
