168 Rev. Epwarp Hincks on the Number, Names, and Powers 
of Memphis, who is also frequently named in this papyrus, and evidently as a dis- 
tinct goddess ; and on the strength of this false identification, they have miscalled 
the goddess of Memphis Pasht, Pakht, and Pekht. The true mode of reading 
this name, its meaning and relations, will be shewn in Part III. 
It might be thought, from what I have said, that I am disposed to reject 
these Hebrew transcriptions of Egyptian words as useless. In general, I do; but 
there is an exception, If the transcription contains any of the peculiar Hebrew 
letters, 7, 2, y» or Pp, it should be examined with a view to determine what 
Egyptian phonoglyphs correspond to these letters. We may fairly conclude 
that this Egyptian character had a similar sound in Lower Egypt, at the date of 
the transcription; and it is highly probable that it had the same sound at Thebes 
also, and that in all ages, until the language was corrupted by the influx of 
foreigners. If such transcriptions be not in themselves conclusive evidence as 
to the powers of these letters, they will, at any rate, greatly corroborate evidence 
to the same effect, drawn from transcriptions of the second sort; and where the 
two kinds of evidence agree, no evidence drawn from Greek transcriptions or 
Coptic derivations should be admitted to weigh against it. 
I will now mention the Hebrew transcriptions which contain any of these 
letters, and of which we know the hieroglyphic representatives. 
1. I begin with the word ys, which occurs as an element in the name 
Dd~y 7, Gen. xlvii. 11, and with the masculine article, 5, prefixed to it, in 
yqp71015, Gen. xli. 45, and in the corrupted name y45n, Jer. xliv. 30. Four 
of Kennicott’s MSS. read 7 for rm, at the commencement of this name, which is 
probably correct ; but this letter, whatever it be, should have been preceded by 
}, which has disappeared. The first element in the hieroglyphic name is a 
syllabic sign (fig. 90), which has the power of >}, Wah, which Herodotus 
represented by a single A, and later writers by Ova. The common element 
in these words is Ra, as it is commonly read (fig. 91), meaning “the sun,” 
which is generally accompanied by, and often replaced by, the disk (fig. 5). 
It would occur to any person ignorant of Coptic, and of the fanciful etymo- 
logies of Coptic scholars, that the same element appeared in the name 7y 5, 
the name given in the Old Testament to the King of Egypt. The > at 
the end is easily accounted for in the same manner as those in 7pm yn (fig. 
88); it represents the long vowel A. The name would then be, according 
