of the Letters of the Hieroglyphic Alphabet. 195 
changed, being used in different words for the sake of distinction; and yet I 
think I have met with instances. There were three common words, signifying 
animals of the ox kind, all generally followed by the same determinatives, which 
T omit, viz. NeHa, Coptic, eg,€ (fig. 142), which was used without distinction of 
sex; UaH (fig. 143), corresponding to the Latin vacca, a cow; and NaU 
(fig. 144), used for the male, and sometimes for the species generally. This last 
is sometimes written with an expletive at the end, the eagle; and, not being 
aware of the nature of expletives, Mr. Birch read it, on this account, aua or awa, 
but it ought to be sounded as a-u, or perhaps as av. Now, in the papyri, another 
word is used for “horned cattle,’ which I take to be a variation of this. It is 
that represented in fig. 145 (Pl. 4, |. 7), and is read NAUz, the pronunciation of 
which is identical with that of the preceding, if the litwus and pendent flower be 
equivalent. 
The equivalence of the /eg and the quail appears from direct interchange, as 
in the word signifying “a harp,” which is written with the litwus, U. 2, at the 
commencement, in the tomb of Rameses III. ( Wilk. Pl. 13), and with the leg 
(Pap. Pl. 23, 1. 2), as well as in Wilkinson’s wood-cut, 184, which is said to be 
from an ancient tomb near the pyramids. The name of “a lion” appears, too, 
from what has been said under No. 13, to have been written with the quail, while 
Champollion gives it with the /eg. In this instance, as is usually the case, he 
does not say where he found the name, so that we cannot be sure that the form he 
gives is of the proper age; but we have, at any rate, the quail of the papyrus cor- 
responding to the Hebrew 2 in x», and to the Coptic & in Aako. It is worthy 
of special remark, too, that in the transcription II. 6, bPRuKabvuTw (fig. 102) 
= M21, the /eg with its expletive is used to express the Hebrew ) in the femi- 
nine plural, which not only the authority of the Masoretes, but that of the LXX. 
( Pow88), and of Plautus (valonuth), require us to pronounce as a vowel. There 
are instances, again, in which the /eg, in old Egyptian words, is replaced by ow 
or oO in their Coptic equivalents, as teb (fig. 146), Pl. 34, 1. 8, Toove, to-we, 
“shoes ;’’ where note that the semicircle and pair of oblique lines sometimes 
added to this word, are the sign of the dual number, here denoted by the dupli- 
cation of the determinative sign; but whether the word, with this addition, should 
be read towe-twi, or towe-towe, or tow, or towu, is yet undecided; one of the 
last suppositions appears the more probable from the transcription I. 5, compared 
with fig.96. Again, UbN, “to shine,” (fig. 149) corresponds to the Coptic ovoeitt, 
2B 2 
