of the Letters of the Hieroglyphic Alphabet. 203 
30. I come now to a character, the determination of the true value of which 
is more difficult than of any other in the alphabet. I allude to the long serpent 
(C1;¢1). Iwill state the evidence bearing on its value of all the four kinds ; 
and I observe, at setting out, that a good deal of this evidence is quite inconsis- 
tent with its having the value T, which Chevalier Bunsen assigns to it; a good 
deal of it appears in favour of its having this value, and is at any rate quite in- 
consistent with its having the value K, which I assigned to it in a former paper ; 
while some evidence tends directly to shew that the value was either TS or TSH, 
which are both connected with both T and K, and may, therefore, be consistent 
with both the former classes of evidence. As the letter C may represent either 
of these values, the one being its power in many German, and the other in many 
Italian words, I adopt it as a representative of this character, which will, I think, 
appear very clearly to be neither a Knor aT. Whatever it was, it was used in 
the first period, and had the pair of oblique lines for its expletive. 
(1). There is one word containing the character before us, of which we have 
two transcriptions preserved. I allude to CiVi, or CiVA, with the cerastes, 
signifying a particular kind of perfume, which Galen, who gives a receipt for its 
composition, calls Cypheus, and the Etymol. Mag. «ids. These transcriptions 
certainly tend to show that the character was not a T, and apparently that it was 
a K. A doubt, however, may exist whether, in the age of Galen, the Greek syl- 
lable xv commenced with the sound of our K. We know that, in Coptic tran- 
scriptions of Greek words, « followed by «, or a vowel of similar power, was 
usually witten 6; thus the first syllable of «Bros is almost always 61; the 
second in doxiaCev is Ot also; and the last in éyxaxecv is Cet. Now there can 
be little doubt that the power of 6 was ch. The Coptic is no longer a living 
Negroes), as furnishing 5000 soldiers to the Egyptians. The Kahak furnished 1500, the others 
1300, 520, 1000, and 680. As to the bearing of this diversity of spelling on the question of the 
equivalence of the characters which I call K and Q, I cannot lay much stress on it. In the first 
place, the stele may have been incorrectly sculptured, as steles often are; and secondly, the spell- 
ing of the name of a remote foreign nation may very well have been different in the reign of 
Thothmos III., from what it was after an interval of 200 years, during a great part of which all in- 
tercourse with it had probably been suspended. There is, I believe, no doubt that, either in the 
reign of Amenotp III. or shortly after his death, all the Asiatic conquests of his predecessors 
were lost. 
Die, D> 
