206 Rev. Epwarp Hincxs on the Number, Names, and Powers 
expressed in Sanskrit characters. The syllable dz occurs in "Agpodirn and diSupoe 
and is represented by f& ji and @ yu. According to this analogy 7 would 
be represented by chi; and, in eorroboration of this, it may be mentioned that 
Ptolemy (VI. 1) transcribes the name of the Indian king Chasht’ana by Trac- 
ravov. When the Coptic alphabet was formed, T1 was replaced by a distinct 
character, [; probably because T had not in this combination its usual power. 
If we come to later times, we have the Latin é repeatedly transcribed by vox in 
one of the Graco-Latin Glossaries published by Labbzus, which seems to have 
been compiled under the lower empire; and every one knows that the Ita- 
lians of the present day represent it in a great number of instances by 
zi, pronounced féts?. Taking all this into account, it will, I think, appear a 
very doubtful matter, whether the sculptor of the obelisk, where this name occurs, 
intended to represent the pronunciation Titus, or Tsitus, or Chitus. I should 
observe that in the hieroglyphical legend of Nero, 7% in Tiberius, and di in Clau- 
dius, are both expressed by T 2 and 11. If, then, I be right in the supposition 
made above, the date of the softening down of the 4 is brought within pretty 
narrow limits. It was introduced between the reign (perhaps the beginning of 
the reign) of Nero, and the reign (perhaps the end of the reign) of Domitian, 
under whom the obelisk in the Piazza Navona was carved ; that is to say, in the 
last half of the first century. 
In the name of Domitian on this obelisk a character is used for T, which ideo- 
graphically signified “to give,” and which, with the pazr of leaves that follows it, 
clearly represents the Coptic f, to which I have already attributed the power of 
tsi, and which had this signification. The dong serpent is used in another legend 
of a Roman Emperor. That of Hadrian in one place consists of two shields con- 
taining the letters AUTKR(to)R KIISRS yCIRIINS. The éo is an ideoglyph 
signifying “the earth,” in Coptic To. The late date of this legend, and its evident 
incorrectness, render its testimony of very little value in the present controversy ; 
coincidence could not be expected, considering the imperfection of Variha’s data, and the incor- 
rectness of his system. I am not defending his character as an astronomer ; Iam merely contend- 
ing that he really lived at the close of the fifth century, and that the tables attributed to him were 
really composed at that time. These facts appear to me to be established beyond all reasonable 
doubt. 
