of the Letters of the Hieroglyphic Alphabet. 207 
but I have thought it right to notice it. The name of Hadrian is elsewhere more 
correctly written HTRyNS. In the legend first quoted, the H, 7, is replaced 
by the arm, y; and an I is introduced before the R,—both obvious blunders; 
for to assume that this I was an expletive would be unwarranted, there being no 
other instance of an expletive being used in the imperial legends. The most na- 
tural way of accownting for what no one will attempt to justify is, that, as the 
people of the East find a difficulty in pronouncing two consonants without an in- 
tervening vowel, some of them converted Hadrianus into Hadirianus, which was 
softened down either to Hadzirianus, or Hajirianus, in the same manner as Titus 
was to Tsitus or Chitus; and that one of these was intended to be represented 
by the sculptor of this legend. It is, at any rate, the fact that it is only before I 
that this letter corresponds to the Roman T or D. 
(3). Iam not aware that there is any instance of direct interchange between 
the long serpent and any Egyptian letter, save one, at Thebes, in the age of the 
papyri. Taking into consideration, however, the whole range of Egyptian docu- 
ments, it is interchanged with the basin, K 1, with the semz-circle, T 2, the hand, 
T 4, and, I think, with the vase in a stand, which I regard as its true homophone, 
and which I call C 2. This last interchange I will consider when I come to 
speak of that character. I will here notice the others. 
The word CaTVI, a serpent or reptile, is generally written with the long 
serpent as its initial ; but Champollion (Gr. p. 86) gives it with the basin as its 
initial. He does not say where he found it so written, but the fact cannot well 
be doubted. I presume, however, it was in some late copy of the Ritual. The 
basin in some words, where it occurs, becomes in Sahidic &, as in K the affix, KAKE, 
“darkness,” &c., in others G, as in Ge, “a goat,” Goc6c, “to dance,” &c.; in 
others, again, both are used, as Ke and G€, “ other,” which are both found in Sahi- 
dic MSS. This is, as I have already intimated, in my view of the matter, strictly 
analogous to what has happened to the Anglo-saxon c, which has sometimes become 
k, as in kin, king, &c. ; or retained its old power, as in calf; come, &c. ; has some- 
times become ch, as in cheap, chin, cheek, &c. ; while sometimes both sounds are 
used in different modifications of the same word, as cool and chill, break and breach, 
bake and batch. The Coptic character G, is in fact obviously derived from the 
hierographic form of the basin, k 1. Now we cannot suppose that this softening 
down of the k and g sounds originated at the time of the formation of the Cop- 
