230 Rev. Epwarp HHincxs on the Number, Names, and Powers 
55. A rule, as Chevalier Bunsen calls it (T 53; 5), is placed by him among 
the mischbilds, as representing, either alone or with S 2, the word tes. Cham- 
pollion valued it as simply T, and I agree with him, as I find it prefixed to the 
preceding letter in the adverb lately mentioned, as well as to S. The reason of 
this was, I have no doubt, to distinguish this adverb from the negative particle 
ToM, which had the same consonants, and differed only in the intermediate 
vowel, but was of very different,—indeed almost opposite,—signification. This 
last word is written as in fig. 71, the sledge, however, being sometimes omitted. 
I have not met with this character before the fourth period, nor have I seen it 
accompanied by an expletive. 
56. I now come to a character, or rather pair of characters, a pike and an 
arm, as to the power of which I am more in doubt than as to that of any other. 
I regard them as forming one compound letter ; they will be found in the alpha- 
bet as O 1, 0 1; the pronunciation being, as I conceive, as that of o in bone, or 
as the Greek 2. This is a new value, and to some it will appear a very extraor- 
dinary one ; nor am [ at all sure that what I shall say on the subject will be con- 
sidered as justifying it. The first of the two characters was valued as N by 
Champollion in his latest work ; at an earlier period he made it R. The second, 
when standing alone, has been already valued by me as y. Chevalier Bunsen 
‘considers the first to be a mischbild, having for its complement the arm and eagle 
combined. This he identifies with the Coptic maa, as Champollion had done 
before him ; but he places after the Coptic equivalent a mark of doubt. Sup- 
posing the identification to hold good, the word would be, according to my value 
of the character, NayA. This word, which signifies ‘ great,” is generally repre- 
sented by the pike alone; and I conceive this to be the value of that character 
in the present group, which will thus be “ NayA yu,” i.e. “ great y;” of which 
OQ. péya is a literal translation; for, from its position in the alphabet, and many 
other considerations, it cannot be doubted that, when y passed from a breathing 
to a vowel, it represented O. In support of this opinion, I first observe that it is 
a positive fact, which admits of no dispute, that the two characters in question 
had this precise value, when combined together, at the time when the Gnostic 
papyrus at Leyden was written, i.e. in the first or second century after Christ. 
While the character corresponding to the arm (fig. 183) is transcribed by @, and 
occasionally by e, this character, with that corresponding to the pike placed over 
