HYALINIA LUCIDA. 23 
Geological History.—/7. lucidw has not as yet been recorded 
found fossilized in this country, but has been recently discovered in the 
top soil of Happaway Cavern, Devonshire. 
In Italy it has, however, been found in the Post-Pliocene Terra Rossa 
deposits on Monte Pisano, also with mammalian bones in a marine con- 
glomerate of the Upper Pleistocene limestone beds of Monte Tignoso near 
Leghorn, ‘Tuscany, and in the calcareous tufa or travertine of Ascoli- 
Piceno in the Marches, while the var. obscuruta occurs in ‘breches 
osseuses” near Bastia, Corsica ; and the sub-var. septentrionalis is recorded 
by Loeard from the Holocene deposits near Lyons, France. 
Variation.—The variation in this species lies chiefly in the more 
depressed or more elevated form of the spire, and in the coloration of the 
Be acim of the shell, which varies from a dark horny-amber colour to 
white. A minor form has been described by Bandon without precise 
characters, and Westerlund has distinguished a var. major, which he 
describes as attaining a diameter of eighteen mill. and an altitude of ten 
mill., a form which Wattebled has recorded as occurring in the depart- 
ment of the Jura. 
According to Mr. Hedley, who has had the opportunity of comparing 
specimens, the South Huropean forms found at Mentone are characterized 
by a flatter spire, deeper suture, darker colouring, and fainter striation 
than the more northern type found in this country. 
The allocation of many of the various forms to this species has been 
made in accordance with the expressed opinions of reputable continental 
malacologists, as reliable examples of many of the so-called species were 
not procurable for personal inspection. 
VARIATIONS IN SHELL. 
Var. obscurata Porro in Villa, Disp. Conch., 18 £1, p. 56. 
Flelix obscurata Porro in Villa, op. cit. 
Helix blaunert Shuttl., Mitth. Gesellsch. Berne, 1853, p. 13. 
Helix luctdus var. compressa Dum. et Mort., Moll. Sav., 1852, p. 250. 
Helix planulata Stabile, Moll. Piem., 1864, p. 30. 
Zonites calabricus Paulucci, Faun. Calab., 1879, p. 44, pl. i., f. 2. 
Zonttes septentrionalis Bourg., Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1870, xxii., p. 17, pl. 16, ff. 4-5. 
Hyalina porrot Paulucci, Faun. Sardinia, pl. 2, f. 4. 
Hyalina obscurata var. cloacarunt Paulucci, op. cit. 
Hyalina obscurata var. shuttleworthiana Pini, Att. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. 
SHELL nearly planorbiform above, with more closely _ 
coiled whorls ; aperture less oblique. S 
The var. obseurata with its subsidiary forms would 
appear to be a southern geographical race, chiefly charac- Fic, 47—=ih duciae 
terized by the planorbiform aspect of the upper surface and var. obdscurata Porro 
the somewhat more closely coiled whorls. (after Moquin- Tandon). 
The sub-var. blauneri is described as being a little larger and more depressed 
than the type, but with a wider umbilicus, and more oblong aperture. 
The sub-var. septentrionalis is slightly more convex beneath, and is deseribed 
by Loeard as habitually living in smaller colonies and ase ending to greater alti- 
tudes than the typical shells, but they blend together insensibly in form. It is 
described as inhabiting the Alps of France and Switzerland and the north of France. 
The sub-var. ealabriea has also an inflated bise ; aperture slightly descending. 
The sub-var. shuttleworthiana is described as more strongly striate above, 
the whorls more rounded, and the last smaller than in typical obscurata, and has a 
diameter of 17 mill., and an altitude of 5? mill. 
The sub-var. eloacarum has the last whorl more swollen beneath, and the 
columellar margin more strongly arched than in the sub-var. bdaunert; diameter, 
16 mill. ; altitude, 6-74 mill. 
