a 
110 HYALINIA CRYSTALLINA. 
The REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS exhibit an OVOTESTIS composed of minute milk- 
white follicles, with a moderately long and convolute HERMAPHRODITE DUCT ; the 
ALBUMEN GLAND is large, finely granular, and of a yellowish tint; the PROSTATE 
or sperm-duet is narrow and milk-white, and is continued as a fairly long VAS 
DEFERENS, which enters the penis-sheath at its distal end, where the long and 
Fic. 150. Fic. 151. Fic. 152. 
Fic. 150.—Sexual organs of Hyalinia crystallina, much enlarged (after Lehmann). 
Fic. 151.—Sexual organs of Hyalinia crystallina v. subterranea, much enlarged (after Lehmann). 
Fic. 152. —Alimentary system of AHyalinia crystallina var. subterranea, much enlarged (after 
Lehmann), showing also the buccal bulb and salivary glands. 
thin retractor muscle is also fixed; the PENIS-SHEATH is somewhat uniformly 
cylindrical, tapering towards the distal rounded extremity ; the UTERUS is thin 
walled, slightly but broadly sacculate, gradually tapering below and passing into 
the FREE OVIDUCT; the SPERMATHECA is a small, transparent, and elliptical 
vesicle, borne upon a thick stem. 
Reproduction and Development.—No observations have been 
made on the reproduction or development of this species, but the Rev 
R. Godfrey observed the species pairing in Ayrshire at the end of March, 
and Mr. F. Booth has remarked on its probably having a longer life term 
than some of its allies, as it may be found full grown at all times of 
the year. 
Habits, Habitat, etc.—H. crystallina is a timid but very active and 
hardy species, very indifferent to cold, and forming but a very delicate 
and filmy epiphragm. 
According to Mr. J. W. Watson, who has especially studied the subject, 
its heart contracts at the rate of once per second at a temperature of 
from 60° to 65° Fahr. 
It is said to feed upon decaying leaves and other vegetable debris, is 
quite subterranean in habit, and has actually been found living in company 
with Cecilianella acicula among the roots of Aspidistra lurida, quite six 
inches below the surface of the soil. 
It sometimes abounds in the alluvia of rivers and streams, but owing to 
its burrowing habits is not so frequently found above ground in any 
abundance, where it lives among moss, herbage, decaying wood and leaves, 
fallen branches of trees, etc., In wet meadows, or in woods even of 
coniferous trees. It is, howeve er, sometimes found in dry situations even 
on the summit of ivy-clad walls. 
The var. subterraneu is recorded by Sandberger as living within masses 
of Sphagnum in a very moist woodland meadow in Adamsthal, near 
Wiesbaden, in Nassau. 
Though normally an inhabitant of the moist plains, it has been noted as 
inhabiting the zone of Helix fontenillei at an altitude of 5,000 feet in the 
Alps, always preferring moist localities, and frequently burrowing beneath 
the surface of the soil. 
