HYALINIA FULVA. 119 
He was also the founder of the ‘ Nouvelle Keole,” a school of thought 
aiming at a more critically precise limitation of species, and recognising 
as of specific value some of the more minute and comparative differences 
which are generally regarded as of only varietal importance. 
The section or sub-genus Muconulus was instituted by Reinhardt in 
1883 to supersede Conulus, a name which has been very generally used, 
but had been previously instituted by Rafinesque in 1814 for the genus 
Conus, by Nardo in 1841, and by Kuster in 1844. 
The term Trochulus used by Dr. Westerlund has also been frequently 
used, notably by Humphreys in 1779. 
The name Arnouldia, proposed by Bourguignat in 1890 for the present 
group, 18 also inadmissible, being antedated by. Huconulus. 
Huconulus is distinguished by possessing a conically pyramidal and 
usually horn-coloured shell of a small size, with a narrowly perforate or 
impertorate axis. ‘The animal has distinct pedal grooves surrounding the 
foot, and the radula is characterized by a median series of tricuspidate 
teeth and aculeate bicuspidate marginals, while the reproductive organs, 
according to Von Ihering, are, as in Microe ‘ystis and other genera, defici ‘lent 
of or have only rudimentary spermatheca, although Dr. Lehmann figures 
and describes that organ as well developed in the present species. 
According to Pilsbry, species allied to this ancient group have spread 
over most parts of the world. In the Palearctic region they are known 
chiefly as Awconulus ; in Central and South America as Guppya : in India 
and the Orient generally they bear the names of S/tala and Auliella, while 
other names include species found in Polynesia. 
Dr. Kobelt restricts the name Muconulus to H. fulva and its near allies, 
using the term Déscoconulus for the depressed forms with narrow whorls 
and no keel from Eastern Asia and the West Indies, and 7rochoconulus 
for the carinate, trochiform shells from Japan, ete. 
Diagnosis.—The characteristically trochoid or conical aspect presented 
by this little shell, combined with its ill-defined and shallow umbilicus, 
effectually preclude its being confused with any of its congeners. 
Description.—-The ANIMAL is of a slaty-black colour, darker dorsally, but show- 
ing the eye retractors through the skin as two sub-parallel darker bands at each 
side of the dorsum ; beneath the lateral groove the BODY is greyish with blackish 
margin to the sole; MANTLE grey with black marein, which is visible as a black 
edging to the aperture, as in H. helvetica, when the animal is ers wwling ; OMMATO- 
rPHORES long, thick, slightly bulbous at tip, and of a translucent grey, ‘showing the 
slender black retractors just beneath their upper surface ; LOWER TENTACLES short ; 
roor long and lanceolate in shape, projecting well beyond the shell when crawling ; 
SOLE distinctly trifasciate, blackish in colour, with paler mid-area. 
SHELL conic or pyramidal, thin, A 
glossy, and semi-pellucid, amber Soe a 
soe : Sale ; “Ta AR a. ee an we 
coloured or horny ; WHORLS 5-6, 2 > 2s sae 
cylindrical, very slowly increasing = Se 
% : : . = 5 ree NN = : = 2 
in size, or rounded at the periphery, = a tee if | oe 
or may be bluntly angulated, pele A $3 —— == 5 
finely but irregularly striate in SEG es, St 2a 2 & 
the line of growth, with more or — = 
less distinet but very fine revolving eae a 
lines at base; SPIRE very promin- ey : 
ent, but the apex obtuse ; SUTURE Vic. 158. Fic. 159. 
distinet and deep, base convex ; Fic. 158.—“yalinia (Euconulus) fulva X 8 (afte 
UMBILICUS very small and some- Bourguignat). 
times not perceptible ; APERTURE Fic. 169.—Surface sculpture of H. fulva chersine 
. . ig , ag > z ar NV se), 
narrowly semi-lunar, peristome bighly magnified (after Morse) 
simple and slightly refleeted at the umbilicus. Diam., 34 mill. ; alt., 2$ mill. 
