™ 
120 HYALINIA FULVA. 
The REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS, according.to Dr. Lehmann, dis- i 
play a deeply pigmented OVOTESTIS, which leads by a sinuate 
HERMAPHRODITE DUCT to the large and Jinguiform) ALBUMEN 
GLAND; the UTERUS is distinctly sacculated ; and the FREE / 
OVIDUCT is short and direct ; the PENIS SHEATH is short and 
cylindrical, somewhat glandular, thickened below, and attenuated = _ 
above, where the VAS DEFERENS enters,. and the slender PENIAL — ©!6-160.—Sexual 
ap Air 5 z . organs of //. /ulva, 
RETRACTOR muscle and the short FLAGELLUM are affixed ; the cylarged (after Dr. 
SPERMATHECA is globular, with a thin and fairly long stem. Lehmann). 
The MANDIBLE or jaw is broadly creseentie and of a pale amber colour, nearly 
half a mill. in width from side to side, very finely = 
granulate on the anterior face, with perpendicular in 
though slightly diverging and delicate strive arising see 
from the region of the beak, which is conical and a ae \ 
pointed and placed in the centre of the concave or LF ‘oN 
cutting margin. ae 
The outline of a subsidiary upper margin to the Fic. 161.—Jaw of //. /ulea x 40 
jaw well within the outer one and more in harmony eae =F Be 
with the form of jaw prevalent in the group is clearly 4 ; 
perceptible, and there is no difference in the consistency or striation of the two areas. 
The LINGUAL RIBBON approximates to that of Helix and resembles that of 
Vitrina pellucida in the marginal teeth being all bicuspidate. 
According to Dr. ibasinnnn the organ is about a millimetre long and a quarter- 
of-a-mill. wide, with about 80) 100. somewhat straight transverse rows of teeth, 
each row composed of about fifty-one longitudinal series. The median tooth is 
symmetrically tricuspidate, with a long and slender mesocone, flanked on each side 
by a small acutely pointed ectocone. The adjacent laterals are approximately 
equal in size to the median teeth, and are figured as tricuspid; the marginals 
thoneh aculeate are bifid. 
The formula according to Schepmann is 45+34+4+2+48 and there are about 
seventy transverse rows, or a total of 3,750 teeth on the radula. 
o) Phe CIE 9. 13 
EAYAA GA 9 6 
Fic. 162.— Representative denticles from a transverse row of the teeth of Wyadlinia fulva (Miiller), 
from Rhoon, near Rotterdam x 1100 (after Schepmann). 
Habits and Habitat.—/yalinia fulva is a somewhat active little 
animal, crawling at a rapid pace, secreting an abundance of slime, and 
carrying its shell inclined from the perpendicular when in motion. It is 
a very hardy species, and can scarcely be said to hibernate, as Lindstrom 
has observed it in the Isle of Gothland in full activity as early as January, 
and according to the observations of Mr. F. Booth it may be found in the 
fully adult state throughout all seasons of the year. 
Though inhabiting a great variety of situations, varying from the sea- 
level to a great height in the mountaimous districts, it is chiefly found 
in the moister parts of shady woods, hiding beneath fallen and decaying 
timber and dead leaves, or amongst moss and herbage at the foot of trees 
and hedgerows. It also lives amongst the crevices of rocks and old walls, 
beneath stones in quarries, and in moist meadows, or even marshy places, 
submerged in times of flood and during the winter months. 
In the Pyrenees it is found to a height of nearly 5,000 feet, the zone 
of Helix limbata, but in the Alps the Rev. 8. Spencer Pearce has found 
it at an altitude of about 8,000 feet in the Grisons; Mr. E. Collier at 
7,000 feet at Arollo in the Valais. In Piedmont it attains a height of 
over 6,000 feet, and in ‘Tuscany about 4,000 feet, while Prof. Cockerell 
records its existence in Colorado at an altitude of 10,000 feet near the 
summit of Pike’s Peak, and at Micawber Mine, in Custer co. 
