MONOGRAPH OF BRITISH LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA, Lov 
Punctum pygmeeum (Draparnaud). 
1789 Helix minuta Studer, Fauna SR a vol. iii, p. 428 (nomen nudum). 
sol) = — pygmea Draparnand, Tabl. Moll., p. 98. ; 
1823 — arbi Sheppard, Linn. Trans., vol. xiv., p. 162. 
W410 — ginutissima Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc:, vol. ii., p. 82. 
1855 —- (Delomphatus) pyymed Mogq.-Tand., Hist. Moll., vol. ii., p. 102, pl. x., 182-6. 
1833 Discus pygmuus Fitz., Syst. Verz., p. 99. 
1837 Buryomphala pyguwa Beck, Index Moll., p. 9 
1837 Patula pyguea Held, Isis, p. 916. 
1840 Zonites pygneeus Gray, Turton’s Manual, Brit. Shells, p. 167, pl. 5, f. 4 
1850 Mierophysa pyqiuea Binney Manual Amer. Land Shells, p. 71, ff 31-33. 
1864 Punctum aiiniutissimen Morse, Journ. Portland Soe. Nat. Hist., p. 28, f. 70. 
1866 Conulus minutissima Tryon, Amer. Journ. Conch., vol. ii, p. 257, pl. 4, f 
1870 Hyaling minutissima Binney in Gould’s Invert. Mass., p. 403. 
18s3 Patula (Patulastra) pygued Boettger, Jahrb. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., p. 315. 
ISTORY.—P. pygmaum (pygmeumn, 
small or tiny) was first noticed by 
Studer, although Draparnaud was the first 
to publish a description and figure, while 
Dro Je Ee Gray in 1820) m the “Medical 
Repository” first made known its claims 
to rank as a British species. 
It is the Helix elegans and also the 
Helix kirbit of the Rev. Revett Sheppard, 
who in 1823 described and published it 
under the latter name, but the species 
was regarded by Leach, Fleming, and 
others of that period as only the young 
state of Helix rupestris. 
This minute species 1s associated with 
Herr G. Schacko, of Berlin, the esteemed and 
ea life-long collaborator of Dr. EK. von Martens, 
nt 2 we who first demonstrated the possession of 
Le Fecaec ec, the composite mandible in the European 
eee Rs form, and has also investigated the internal 
—_— 
structure of many of the more minute and 
difficult species of European mollusca. 
Diagnosis.—P. pygmeum may be distinguished from its closest ally 
Pyramidula vupestris by its smaller size, more delicate striation, paler 
colour, fewer whorls, more depressed spire, more open umbilicus, and 
shallower suture. 
INTERNALLY, it may be separated by the compound character of the 
jaw, that of P. rupestris being semi-lunar aud faintly striated. 
Description.— Tlie ANIMAL is very small, of a greyish or brownish colour, 
minutely speckled with black, darker upon the HEAD and BACK, and more trans- 
lucent below ; TUBERCLES flat and rounded; OMMATOPHORES cylindrical and 
abruptly thickened at their origin; EYES large; Foor narrow, with a slightly 
keeled TAIL; and carries its SHELL quite horizontally when crawling. 
SHELL depressed, of a pale brown or yellowish-horm colour, rather glossy, 
lustrous, thin, and semitransparent; SPIRE slightly exserted ; and composed of 
about four cylindrical WHORLS, which increase gradually in size; the SURFACE 
ornamented with fine and regular transverse striation, and delicate microscopic 
