a 
160 PUNCTUM PYGM.EHUM. 
oe 
Horocens.—In Dorset, this species was found by Mr. J. H. Austen in 
the Neolithic tufa of Blashenwell, near Corfe Castle. 
In South Essex, Kennard and Woodward record it from the excavations 
for the East London Waterworks reservoirs at Walthamstow ; while in 
North Essex it is tabulated by the same authors for Witham, Braintree, 
Raine, Chignal St. James, and Shalford. 
In Middlesex, Mr. A. Loydell found fine specimens in the marly 
alluvium of the 'hames at Staines. 
In Oxford, Kennard and Woodward report it from deposits on the banks 
of the Thames at Clifton-Hampden. 
In West Gloucester, it is recorded by Mr. A. Santer Kennard from the 
pre-Roman peat beds of Westbury-on-Severn. 
In South-east Yorkshire, Dr. Corbett has detected specimens in the 
ancient lacustrine deposit at Askern. 
In Ireland, Mr. Rh. Standen found this species represented in the earthy 
deposit at Dog’s Bay, West Galway. 
In Belgium, M. Lecomte records the finding of fossil specimens in the 
deposits of the Valley of the Dendre. 
In Denmark, it is recorded by Dr. A. C. Johansen from the deposits by 
the Free Harbour, Copenhagen, and by Elberling from those at Veistrup 
in Funen, and Neder Knaberup and Haraldskjzeer in Ribe Stift, Jutland. 
Variation.—Little variation has been noted in this species, possibly on 
account of the minute size of the shell. Several species have, however, 
been described which, by impartial and competent judges, have afterwards 
been united with P. pygmaum, but may possibly on critical investigation 
show peculiarities which would render it advisable to retain the names 
as indicating noteworthy modifications ; such are /Helir bulatonica Servain, 
from Hungary, which is referred by Dr. Kobelt to this species, and the 
Italian form described as Helix schwerzenbuchianu by Caleara, which is 
allocated here by Dr. Pilsbry. 
The Nearctic form, P. ménutissimum, is here regarded as the fore- 
runner of and as racially different from the European type ; the immensity 
of time during which it has been isolated from the Palearctic region, and 
the structural differences described as existing between the two, being 
sufficient warrant for this course. 
Var. albina Reinhardt. 
Dr. Reinhardt speaks of an albine variety of this species which he found in 
Bohemia and Silesia in the subalpine regions of the Hiesengebirge, but as this 
author does not definitely state the shell to be white, it is not improbable that it 
may be merely somewhat paler than ordinary, as in some other species to which 
he has attributed albine forms. 
Bohemia—Dr. P. Hesse records the albine variety as occurring as commonly as 
the type in the Pine zone on the southern slope of the Riesengebirge, and Dr. 
Reinhardt describes it as similarly plentiful on the subalpine slopes of the same 
mountain range up to altitudes of 4,000 feet. 
Silesia—Dr. Reinhardt records it as existing commonly with the type in the 
small snow cavities on the northern slopes of the Riesengebirge, ascending to 
altitudes exceeding 4,000 feet. 
Monst. sinistrorsum 'l'aylor. 
SHELL reversed. 
A specimen of this fornt was, according to Mr. B. B. Woodward, formerly in the 
collection of the Rey. E. S. Dewiek, who discovered it in the Pleistocene Grayels of 
Barnwell Abbey, Cambridgeshire. 
