HELIX POMATIA. 225 
Var. parva Porro, Mal. Comaseca, 1838, p. 44. 
Helix pomrtia var. m’nor Dum, and Mort., Moll. Savoie, 1857, p. 94. 
Helix pomatia var. sabulosa Hazay, Mal. BI., 1881. p. 42, pl. 2, f. 6. 
Helix pomrtia var. parva Moquin-Vandon, Hist. Moll. France, 1859, ii., p. 179. 
SHELL smaller than the type. an 
Porro, who first distinguished the dwarf form as om eer 
var. parva, gives the altitude of the shell as 41 mill. 
and the diameter as 35 mill. 
Pascal detines the dimensions of Moquin-Tandon’s 
var. parva as diameter 34 mill. and altitude 28 mill. ; 
while Dumont and Mortillet ascribe a diameter of 28 
mill. to their var. minor. 
The sub-var. sabulosa has a diameter and altitude 
of 33 mill. and an aperture 24 mill. high and 17 mill. 
broad. The shell is described as conically-rounded, 
with pointed spire, thick and leather-coloured lip, 
and composed of 44 slowly-enlarging whorls of a dark 
yellow colour, encircled by four spiral brown bands. 
Dr. Hazay remarks that the vaginal digitate glands of the sub-var. sabulosa 
differ from the normal form in being strikingly small and clustered. 
The figure of the sub-var. sabudosa reproduced from Hazay does not really repre- 
sent the true form of this variety, which is described as having an approximately 
equal diameter and altitude of 33 millimetres, while the figure shows a shell of quite 
an elongate shape. 
This variety, which Hartmann agrees with Charpentier in regarding as arising, 
amongst other causes, from inhabiting warm low-lying localities, has not yet been 
recorded for this country, but is on record for France, Belgium, Germany, Italy, 
Switzerland, and Austro-Hungary. 
Fic. 302.— Helix pomatia sub- 
var. sabulosa Havay (after Hazay). 
CONTINENTAL DISTRIBUTION. 
Germany—Herr Clessin cites the sub-var. sabulosa from Augsburg, Bavaria ; 
and Biichner the var. parva from Wurtemburg. Hartmann records a specimen 
from Neuwied, Rhenish Prussia, only twenty millimetres in height and twenty- 
three millimetres in diameter. 
Belgium—M. Colbeau quotes this variety from Aywaille near Liége. 
France —Sub-var. minor cited by Dumont and Mortillet for St. Marcel and St. 
Triphon in Haute Savoie; by Pascal from Czenilly in Hante Loire ; for the woods 
at Rainey, Gagny, ete., in Seine-et-Oise ; as abundant near the banks of the Marne, 
on the plains of Champigny, and Varenne-St.-Manr, in the departinent of the 
Seine ; Dr. Baudon records it from Mouy, Oise; and Wattebled as rare at Gentlis, 
Lonehamp, and Tréclun, Cote d’Or. 
M. Puton records a variety half the usual size from the woods of St. Mont near 
Remiremont in the Vosges ; while Grognot quotes in similar terms the shells found 
rarely at St. Pantaléon near Autun in Sadne-et-Loire. 
Switzerland—Hartmann indicates very small examples as inhabiting the Alps 
of Appenzell, and Mousson found at Airolo in Canton Ticino some individuals of 
this species ‘scarce as large as a nut.” 
Austro-Hungary —Sub-var. sabulosa in moist shady gardens on the plains 
around Buda-Pesth in Hungary ; also recorded from Bohemia and many places 
about Brunn and Boscovitz in Moravia; and as var. minor from Transylvania by 
Dr. Westerlund. 
Italy—Var. parva, with altitude of 40 mill. and diameter of 85 mill., is cited 
for the province of Como by Signor Porro. 
VARIATIONS IN SUBSTANCE OF SHELL. 
Var. ponderosa Baudon, Journ. de Conch., 1884, p. 242. 
Helix pyrgia var. crassa Sayn, Cat. Moll. Droéme, 1888. 
SHELL thick and heavy, usually dull whitish, and almost unicolorous, sometimes 
weighing nearly 400 grains. 
The sub-var. erassa is described as possessing a somewhat thicker shell. 
Drs. Rawitz and Kossel have demonstrated that in captivity this species may 
be fed upon paper, and if this be heavily charged with calcic matters, the shell 
becomes abnormally thickened. 
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