er 
296 HELIX NEMORALIS. 
France—Deseribed by Picard from specimens collected in the department of the 
Somme; and sub-var. compressa recorded by Loecard from Pape and Vernay, 
near Lyons, Rhone. 
Switzerland—Frutigen, Canton Berne, Aug. 1876 ! 
Denmark—Christianshavns Vold, Jutland, Niel Petersen. 
Var. porrecta Westerlund. 
Helix nemoralis var. porrecta Westerlund, Moll. Suede et Norv., 1871, p. 39. 
SHELL with the last whorl not deflected at the 
aperture; the aperture more rounded, and the upper 
margin of the lip not reaching the fourth or sub-basal 
band as is usual. 
IRELAND. 
Donegal — Rosapenna sandhills, June 1910! Kh. 
Welch. 
CONTINENTAL DISTRIBUTION. ¥ Seen neces “Ge 
is 2 orrecta estl. (Rosapenna 
Sweden—Malmi (Westerlund, 1.c.). Donegal, Mr. R. Welch). , 
Var. umbilicata Cockerell. 
Helix nemoralis mut. umbilicata Cockerell, ‘The Nautilus, Dec. 1894, p. 94. 
The mature shells retain a distinct umbilicus, not becoming covered in adult life. 
ENGLAND. 
Kent W.-—An adult shell with an open umbilicus has been found in the pleisto- 
cene deposit within the Ightham fissure, Wrotham, by Mr. W. J. Lewis Abbott. 
Derby —The Winnatts, July 1901, J. Wilfrid Jackson. 
IRELAND. 
Galway W.—Killeany, Aranmore, July 1895, R. Standen. 
FOREIGN DISTRIBUTION. 
United States—Sub-var. petiveria 123x45, Lexington, Virginia, Prof. Morrison 
(T. D. A. Cockerell, ].c.). 
VARIATIONS IN SIZE OF SHELL.. 
The variations in size of shell have been distinguished by many names expressive 
of the unusually large sizes attained under favourable conditions or in certain 
districts, and others have been applied to differentiate the shells of unusually small 
dimensions. The ordinary sized examples, which represent the type of the species, 
have been distinguished as var. media by Dumont and Moriillet, who ascribe to it a 
diameter of 20-21 millimetres. 
Var. major Férussac. 
Helix nemoralis var. major Férussac, Tabl. Syst., 1821, p 38, pl. xxxiv., ff. 10, 11. 
Helix nemoralis var. maxima Charpentier. Moll. Suisse, 1837, p. 7. pl. 1, f. 3. 
Helix lucifuga Ziegler in Hartm., Gaster. Schweiz., 1844, p. 191, pl. 70. 
Helix nemoralis var. gigantea Grateloup, Cat. Moll. France, 1850, p. 9. 
Helix nemoralis var. magna Stabile, Prosp. Sist. Moll. Lugano, 1859, p. 26. 
Helix nemoralis var. afpenina Stabile, Moll. Piemonte, 1864, p. 66. 
Helix nemoralis var. major Pascal, Moll. Haute Loire, etc., 1873. p. 34. 
Helix nemoralis vay. gallica Westerlund, Westl. Fauna Extr. Moll., 1878. p. 116. 
Helix nemoratlis var. etrusca del Prete, Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital., 1879, p. 78. 
SHELL much larger 
than typical specimens, 
The var. major Fer. 
sensu. stricto, is figured as 
32 qnill. in diameter and 
25 mill. in altitude; the 
sub-var. wajor Pascal is 
deseribed as 28 mill. in 
diameter and IS mill. in 
altitude. Lic. 361.—Helix nemoradlis var. mayor Férussac (after Férussac). 
The sub-var. maxima is figured hy Charpentier as 32 mill. in diameter and 20 
mill. in altitude, with a formula of 00300, and described as roseolabiate. 
The sub-var. magna is described as attaining a diam. of 30 mill. 
