™, 
510 HELIX NEMORALIS. 
~ FOREIGN DISTRIBUTION. 
Germany—Sub-var. drwnned, recorded for North Germany by A. Schmidt; and 
for the Rhine Valley below Bonn by Prof. Beddard. 
France— Reported from Salies-de-Bearm, Basses Pyrénées, by Hugh Watson. 
Sub-var. gesneria, Saverdun, Ariege, and the banded sub-vars. 12345, 1:345, and 
00345 from Toulouse, Haute Garonne (Moquin- Tandon, |.c.). 
Sub-var. brunnea, Mouy, Oise (Baudon, |.c.). 
Holland— Heerenveen, Friesland, Aug. 1909 ! F. H. Sikes. 
Spain—Castelearrera, Old Castile ! Prof. J. G. Hidalgo. 
Portugal—An uniformly brown variety reported from Alemtejo by Morelet. 
United States—Var. o/ivacea 00000 and 00300, and sub-var. hepatica O0000, 
recorded from Lexington, Virginia, by Prof. J. L. Howe. 
VARIATIONS [IN BANDING OF SHELL, 
This section takes cognizance of the character and direction of the bands, their 
varying nunber and differing arrangements, as well as their degrees of development, 
but not of their lack of pigmentation and varied colouring. 
Y * : ry 
Var. faseiata Moquin-T'andon. 
Helix cincta and guinguefasciata Sheppard, Linn. Trans., 1825, xiv., p. 163. 
Helicogena imperfecta Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., 1826, p. 62. 
Flelix nemoralis vars. unifasciata, bifasciata, fusca bifasciata, trifasciata. inequatlis, 
guatuorfasciata, bigeminata, nigraand sex/asciata Picard, Moll.Somme, 1840, p.184-d. 
Helix nemoralis var. intermedia Rossm., Icon., 1842, ii., pt. 2, pl. 51, p. 68d. 
Helix nemoralis vars. /asciata, coalita, tntervupta, punctelia, and septent/asciata 
Mogquin-Tandon, Hist. Moll., 1835, 1., pp. 162 and 167. 
Helix nemoralis var. pseudoaustriaca Clessin, Deutsch. Moll., 1884, p. 207. 
Helix nemoralis var. nista Boycott and Bowell, Sci. Goss., 1897, p. 132. 
SHELL with dark spiral banding, which may be continuous or more or less 
interrupted and is frequently coalescent; it includes all spirally banded forms, 
whether the fasciation be coutinuous or interrupted, isolated or coalesced. 
The var. faseiata Moq., sensu stricto, is especially applied to shells with distinet 
and definite spiral bands with little or no tendeney to coalescence, and other than 
five in number; the five-banded form being distinguished as var. quinguefasciata. 
The Helix quinquefasciata Sheppard also refers to the five-banded variety only, 
which was regarded by him as a distinct species. 
Thesub-var. imperfeeta (//elicogena imperfecta Risso) deseribed as characterized 
by faint and broken basal banding. 
The sub-var. interrupta Mogq., has the continuity of the bands interrupted. 
The sub-var. punetella Mog., has the bands 
broken up into spots. tg IT 
The sub-var. eoalita Moq., embraces all shells 
upon which two or more bands are coalesced to form 
one or more groups. The forms nigra Picard, 
nigreseens Grateloup, and probably latefaseiata 
Rolle, are shells in whieh all the five bands are 
present and unite to form one excessively broad MiG, pee ian yee var, 
band, as shown by the formula (12345). conlita, Moq.\Nayro Comma 
The snb-var. quatuorfaseiata Picard displays four simple or composite bands, 
and may be represented by the formule (12)345, 12340, ete. 
The sub-var. bigeminata Picard is the most striking tetrafasciate form, dis- 
playing two narrow bands above the periphery, separated by a wide interval from 
the two broader bands at the base ; its formula is 12045. 
The sub-var. trifaseciata Pieard has three simple or compound bands, and is 
equally correctly represented by the formulie 123800, (12)3(45), ete. 
The sub-var. inequalis Picard is a subsidiary form, with two narrow bands above 
the periphery, and one very broad one below, or inversely ; it may be represented 
by the formule 120(45), (123)45, ete. 
The sub-var. bifaseiata Picard includes all the two-banded shells whether the 
bifasciation be due to the presence of two simple bands or to two separate groups, 
each made up by the fusion of two or more bands, and can be equally correctly 
represented by 12000, (123)(45), ete. ; if, however, owing to fusion, the bands are 
so broad that the two groups are almost united, it is var. fusea-bifasciata Picard. 
