HELIX NEMORALIS. 317 
CONTINENTAL DISTRIBUTION. 
Germany—lecorded for North Germany by A. Schmidt; as rave about Frank- 
fort, Nassau, by Dr. Kobelt ; and sub-var. pa//ida is cited for Germany by LeComte. 
France—Recorded from Valenciennes, Nord, by ere uSe: from Chateau des 
Tours, St. Etienne, and Mavignier, near Bonneville, Upper Savoy, by Dumont and 
Mortillet; from near Lyons by Locard ; the sub-vars. leachia and hermannia of 
Mogquin-Tandon from Auxonne, Cote Or, by Wattebled ; also recorded as com- 
mon at Montvendre, Drome, by Sayn; and from the Grande Chartreuse, Isere, 
by Rev. S. Spencer Pearce. 
Belgium —Lecorded from the dunes, Nieuport, West Flanders, by Staes ; and by 
Timmermans for Brussels, Brabant. 
Sub-var. pal/ida is common among nettles and bushes at Lessines, Hainault ; 
and more rarely found at Louvain, C harleroi, W avre, ete., in Brabant (LeComte, le. ). 
Italy —Recorded for Camaiore, Tuscany, by Dr. del Prete. Sub-vars. lutea faseiis 
hyatinis, and rosea fasciis hyalinis ave cited from Udine, and Jencostoma rosea 
hyalina 00300 from Monajo, Venetia, by Prof. Pirona. Sub-var. pudiosa is recorded 
for Val @Esino, Lomb: dy, by Pini; and was found at Lemno and Menageio with 
formule 12345, 12340, 12309 and 00300, by J. R. le B. Tomlin. 
Austro-Hungary—Sub-var. pallida, Hungary and Dalmatia (M. LeComte, op. cit. ). 
Spain—Republie of Andorra, May 1889! W. E. Clarke. Through the courtesy 
of Prof. Hidalgo, [ have received a specimen a Santona, Aragon, as a co-type 
of the shells described as possessing apple-green bands, but this colouring, though 
probably faded with time, must have in great part been due to the body of the 
mollusk when alive showing through the thin pale yellow shell. 
VARTATIONS [IN COLOUR OF LIP OR PERISTOME. 
In this section ave placed the various colours of aperture, which range from the 
deepest black, through brown, purple, pink, and yellow, to the purest white. The 
typical form, which has a black ov deep-brown aperture, has been distinguished as 
var. nigrolabiata by Wright, and as var. melanostoma by Coutagne. The var. 
transalpina Stabile also appears to be the ordinary dark-lipped form of the species. 
Var. albilabris Dumont and Mortillet. 
Helix nemoralis var. albilabris Dum. and Mort., Moll. Savoie, 1857, p. 84. 
/lelix nemoralis var. leucostoma Stabile, Prosp. Moll. Lugano, 1859, p. 26. 
Helix nemoralis var. albolabiata von Martens in Albers’ Heliceen, 1860, p. 131. 
Helix nemoralis var. albolabris Crowther, Science Gossip, Jan. 1883, p. 6. 
SHELL with peristome and rib white. 
The var. leueostoma has an unicolorous yellow shell and white aperture. 
The sub-var. albolabris of Crowther is described as of typieal form and 
colouring, but with lip and rib white. 
It includes the sub-var. deucostoma fuscotrifasciata of Pirona. 
The var. albolabiata of Westerlund is not referable to this variety, but -to var. 
Suscolabiata, being described as characterized by a pale liver coloured peristome. 
The albolabiate variety would seem, judging from its abundance on the confines 
of its range, to be one of the earliest and most primitive forms of the species, and is 
frequently difficult to diseriminate from H. hortensis when identified by the shell alone. 
ENGLAND AND WALES. 
Cornwall W.—Helston, May 1908, _le B. Tomlin. Near Porthleven, Aug. 
1900, Rev. J. W. Horsley. 
Devon S.—Topsham ! E. Collier. Sidmouth, April 1898, Guy Breeden. 
Hants. N.—Ditcham woods, Aug. 1896, C. E. Wright. 
Sussex W.—Lavant, May 1904, Rev. W. A. Shaw. Ratham, Ang. 1883! W. Jeffery. 
Kent E.—Folkestone ! Mrs. Fitzgerald. 
Surrey— Haslemere, C. Pannell, juny. 
Hunts.—Abbott’s Ripton, April 1909 ! Rev. R. Ashington Bullen. 
Northampton— Peterborough and Eye, 'T. W. Bell. East Haddon, J. E. Roberts. 
Durton, Rev. W. A. Shaw. Railway bank, Barford, Ang. 1896, C. E. Wright. 
Gloucester E.—Cheltenham (Webster, Naturalist, 1854, p. 175). 
Stafford—Weaver Hills, Cheadle, J. R. B. Masefield; and Hall Dale, near 
Warstow, Lionel KE. Adams. 
Glamorgan—Penally, H. R. Wakefield. Cardiff, PF. W. Wotton. 
Lincoln N.—North Ormsby, and Monk’s Dyke Side, 1900, C. S. Carter. 
