HELIX NEMORALIS. 323 
The greater abundance of the albolabiate form, and the strikingly 
manifest tendency of the species to assimilate in external aspect to //e/iax 
hortensis as the confines of its area of distribution are approached, lead 
not only to its confusion with that species, but also to the inference that 
it is the earliest evolved and most primitive of the existent forms of the 
species, approaching more closely the common ancestor of the Pentutwnia. 
In the British Isles, this species is diffused over England, Wales, and 
Ireland, but in Scotland it has not yet been found north of Kincardineshire 
on the east coast, nor higher than the Isle of Lismore on the west, its place 
further north being filled by its predecessor and close ally //elix hortensis. 
The record for the Hebrides was based on a single immature. shell 
referred to this species, found by Mr. Alexander Somerville in Sept. 1886 
in the old churchyard at Eye, near Stornoway. 
aw 
© 
Fic. 870.—Geographical Distribution of Helix nemoralis Linné. 
GERMANY. 
Apparently distributed over the whole empire and has been reported from Alsace, 
Baden, Bavaria, Brandenburg, Brunswick, Cassel, Franconia, Hanover, Hesse- 
Darmstadt, Holstein, Lorraine, Luneburg, Mecklenburg, Nassau, Oldenburg, 
Pomerania, East, West, and Rhenish Prussia, Saxony, Schleswig, Silesia, Suabia, 
Thuringia, Wurtemburg, and Posen, in which latter province as in many parts of 
south-eastern Europe H. austriace is still the more abundant species. 
FRANCE. 
In France, it has not yet been recorded from many of the central departments, 
but is known to ocenr in Ain, Aisne, Allier, Alpes Maritimes, Aquitaine, Ardennes, 
Ariége, Aube, Aude, Auvergne, Basses Alpes, Basses Pyrénées, Bonehes du Rhone, 
Calvados, Charente Inférieure, Cotes du Nord, Céte d’Or, Dréme, Finistére, Gard, 
Gers, Gironde, Haute Garonne, Haute Marne, Hautes Pyrénées, Haute Loire, 
Haute Savoie, Hérault, Indre-et-Loire, [le-et-Vilaine, Isere, Landes, Loire Inféri- 
eure, Lot-et-Garonne, Lozere, Maine-et-Loire, Manche, Meuse, Morbihan, Moselle, 
Nievre, Nord, Oise, Orne, Pas-de-Calais, Puy-de-Dome, Pyrénées Orientales, 
Rhone, Sadne-et-Loire, Sarthe, Savoy, Seine, Seine Inférieure, Seine-et-Marne, 
Seine-et-Oise, Somme, Tarn, ‘Tarn-et-Garonne, Var, Vaneluse, Vendée, Vienne, 
Vosges, Yonne, and is cited for the island of Corsica by M. Payraudeau, but its 
oceurrence there is doubted by modern authorities. 
