HELIX HORTENSIS. 335 
Geological Distribution —Though undoubtedly a more ancient and 
in some respects a more simply organized form than //. nemoralis, it has 
not yet been observed from deposits earlier than those of Pleistocene age, 
while H. nemoralis has been recorded from those of the Miocene period. 
Possibly, however, some or many of the records may be more properly 
referable to the present species, which has been for so long confused with 
and so often recorded as //. nemoralis. 
Pierstocenr.—In South Devon, it was found in Happaway Cavern, near 
Torquay, by Mr. W. Pengelly. 
In West Kent, it has been found by Mr. J. Lewis Abbott in the Ightham 
fissure near Wrotham, all the specimens being of medium size, and 12345 
and 00000 being about equally numerous ; there were also a number of 
shells curiously intermediate between the present species and //. nemoralis. 
In South Essex, it is recorded by Prof. Morris and others from the 
mammalian deposits at Grays and Uphall brickfield, Ilford. In North 
Essex, it is known from similar lacustrine beds at Copford and Clacton. 
In East Suffolk, Prof. Morris also discovered this species with extinct 
mammalian remains at Stutton. 
In Mid Lancashire, it has been recently discovered in the lower deposit 
of Cave-earth in the “Dog Holes’” Cavern, Warton Crag, near Carnforth, 
by Mr. J. Wilfrid Jackson. 
In Germany, it is recorded by Prof. Sandberger from beds of Mid- 
Pleistocene age at Cannstadt. Burgtonna, and Muhlhausen, Thuringia ; in 
the tufa of Canth, Silesia, and in liess at Robschiitz, near Dresden, Saxony. 
He also records it from tufaceous beds of Upper Pleistocene age at Burg- 
tonna, Muhlhausen, and Canth; and Herr Clessin has discovered it in 
Bavaria in tufa deposits of Liaber Valley, nr. Regensburg, and at Piirklgnt. 
In France, Prof. Sandberger also reports it from the grey-clays of the 
Lower Pleistocene period at Boisse, Savoy, and from beds of Mid-Pleisto- 
cene age at Celle, Seine-et-Marne. Comm. Caziot reports it from the 
deposits at Villefranche-sur-Mer, Alpes Maritimes. 
In Switzerland, it is also known from the Mid-Pleistocene beds in the 
canton of St. Gall. 
In the Nearctie region, it is recorded from the glacial Pleistocene clays 
of the Champlain epoch at Portland on the coast of Maine by Dr. Dall. 
Horocent.—In West Cornwall, it is recorded by Kennard and Warren 
from the early Holocene loamy bed and also as buried beneath the later 
eeolian or “blown” sands of ‘owan Head. 
In North Wilts., it was found by Mr. H. St. George Gray in deposits of 
the Bronze age at Avebury, as well as in the more superficial layers. 
In Dorset, it is recorded from the tufa beds at Blashenwell near Corfe by 
Mr. Clement Reid; and two specimens were collected by Mr. H. St. George 
Gray during the excavations of the Roman Amphitheatre at Dorchester, 
now known as ‘‘Maumbury Rings.” 
In the Isle of Wight, it is recorded by Prof. Forbes from the lacustrine 
beds at T'otlands Bay ; and by Kennard and Warren from tufa near top 
of cliff, south-west of Widdick Chine. 
In West Sussex, Mr. Alfred Bell enumerates it amongst the fossils found 
in the “mud deposit” at Selsea. 
In West Kent, it was found by Mr. Kennard at the base of a tumulus 
in Stanley’s Quarry, Ightham. 
