™. 
396 HELIX PISANA. 
It is, however, in the highest degree probable that these artificially established 
colonies, if placed amidst a somewhat more highly developed fauna, or in districts 
where the species had probably formerly existed, and from whence they have been 
expelled by natural causes will not be permanent, but will eventually become extinct. 
ITALY. 
Most abundant near the coast, but also found some distance inland, and is known 
to exist in Abruzzi, Apulia, Calabria, Campania, Emilia, Liguria, Marches, Rome, 
Tuscany, Venetia, the Islands of Sardinia, Sicily, Elba, Gozo, Malta, Favignana, 
Pelagosa, Ustica, Lampedusa, ete., and is probably abundant in Basilicata, but is 
not yet recorded from Lombardy, Piedmont, or Umbria. 
AUSTRO-HUNGARY. 
Recordedifrom the maritime districts of Dalmatia, Goritz, Illyria, and Istria. 
Specimens, said to have been collected many years ago near Vienna, are in the 
collection of Mr. J. Ray Hardy and others, and were at one time on public view in 
the Manchester Museum; but it is probable that the locality is erroneous, as the 
species is quite unknown in Austria. 
BALKAN PENINSULA. 
Greece—Though probably found on all the Islands of the A’gean and Ionian 
Seas, and along the maritime zone of the mainland, yet records are only available 
for the Morea, the Islands of Santorin, Syra, Phanar, Zante, and the Archipelago. 
Turkey—Probably common throughout in the littoral region of the Marmorean 
and Mediterranean seas and the neighbouring islands, but as yet is only known 
from Constantinople and Crete. 
SWITZERLAND. 
Erroneously enumerated for Geneva in 1824 as H. rhodostoma by Jurine. 
SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. 
Spain—Distributed throughout the peninsula in moist situations, and though 
most abundant in the littoral zone and less common in the central provinces, is not 
restricted to the coast as in some other countries. The species occurs in Andalusia, 
Aragon, Asturias, Basque Provinces, Catalonia, Old and New Castile, Galicia. 
Murcia, Valencia, the Balearic Isles, and the Islet of Alboran, but precise records 
are not yet available for Estremadura, Leon, or Navarre. 
Portugal— Probably inhabits every province, but as usual, becomes more plentiful 
on the coast, and records are known from Alemtejo, Algarve, Beira, Estremadura, 
Minho, as well as from the Berlingas, and other islets adjacent to the coast, but 
it has not yet been recorded from Tras-os-Montes. 
ATLANTIC ISLES. 
Madeira—Very common at Canical and on the arid hills to the east of Cape 
Garajao. It lives also on the sandy plains of Porto Santo, and on the Salvages. 
Canary Islands—Abundant on the lower ground on Grand Canary ; but also 
found prospering at an altitude of 1,150 feet in the gardens of Ste. Brigida Hotel, 
Monte ; its place on the higher grounds and the Isleta is, according to Capt. Farrer, 
filled by the var. grasseti. It is also found on the Islands of Teneriffe, Lanzarote, 
Fuerteventura, Gomera, Palma, Graciosa, and probably every islet of the group. 
Azores—Recorded from Fayal, and probably inhabits the rest of the islets. 
NORTH AFRICA. 
Algeria—The commonest species of the maritime zone, and penetrates deeply 
into the arid deserts of Sahara, being found at El-Aghouat, Tuggart, Metlili, ete., 
but has not been found in Upper Kabylia. It has been recorded from Algiers, Bone, 
Constantine, Hussein Dey, Mostaghanem, Oran, Tlemcen, Philippeville, ete. 
Morocco—Very common along the coast, and extending far into the interior ; 
it is known to exist at Tangiers, Tetuan, Cape Blanco, Mogador, Mazagan, ete. 
Tunis— Excessively common and variable, but less numerous in the mountainous 
districts; it is recorded from Tunis, Golita, Khroumirie, the Isle of Djerba, ete. 
Tripoli—Abundant especially in the littoral region ; Dr. E. von Barry found it 
swarming around the city of Tripoli, and it is recorded by Dr. Kobelt from Benghazi. 
Egypt—Found throughout Lower Egypt, and especially noted from Alexandria 
and Suez, and also found by Dr. and Mrs. Longstaff at Helwan near Cairo. 
