416 HELICIGONA LAPICIDA. 
SCANDINAVIA. 
Norway—Probably common in the south, but not extending beyond 61° north 
lat. It has been recorded in Christiania Stift from Christiania, Asker, Lier, 
Modum, Ringerije, Sandefjord, and as abundant on the islands in Christianiafjord. 
In Christiansand Stift it is known from Langesund, Skien, Telemarken, and Lille- 
sand; also from Sognefjord in Bergen Stift. 
Sweden — According to Dr. Westerlund, this species is diffused throughout 
Southern and Central Sweden, extending to about 63° north lat., and though more 
especially found in the calcareous districts, also occurs though more rarely on the 
more primitive rocks. It has been recorded as occurring in the provinces of Blekinge, 
Dalarne, Gestrikland, Jamtland, Nerike, Ostergotland, Skane, Smaland, Stock- 
holm, Upland, Westergotland, Westmanland, and the Islands of Oeland and Gotland. 
Denmark—Distributed over Jutland and the islands, and is recorded by Steen- 
berg as existing on the Islands of Zealand, Funen, Laaland, Moen, Langeland, 
Falster, and Bornholm, and in Jutland ranging from Fredericia to Aalborg. 
RUSSTA. 
Only known in Russia from Poland and Finland, though probably inhabiting 
one or more of the Baltic Provinces. 
Poland—Said by Slosarski to be common in mountainous places, and especially 
mentioned as occurring at Ojeow, Olsztyn, Ztoty Potok, and Mont Ste Croix. 
Finland—According to Luther, it is restricted to the southern provinces, and is 
recorded from the Aland Isles, the limestone tracts of the province of Abo, the 
porphyritic rocks of Hogland, and at the marble quarries of Ruskeala, to the north 
of Lake Ladoga, and approaching to 62° north lat. 
ATLANTIC ISLES. 
Madeira—Recorded by Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys and other writers on the authority of 
Mr. T. V. Wollaston, but only a single fossil shell has as yet been found. 
NEARCTIC REGION. 
United States—Mr. W. G. Binney records that in 1837 he imported many speci- 
mens from England, which he liberated in his garden at Burlington, New Jersey, 
but that they disappeared almost immediately. 
Fic. 469.—Carboniferous limestone wall, bounding Grass High Wood, Grassington, Yorks., 
where H. lapictda var. nigrescens 1s common, 
