HELICIGONA ARBUSTORUM. 431 
5 SCOTLAND. 
Dumfries—Bell Crag wood, Moffat, Miss Hele. 
Perth N.—Pitroddie Den, F. Smith. 
Forfar—Craig Farm, Montrose ! W. Duncan. 
CONTINENTAL DISTRIBUTION. 
Germany—Hanau, Nassau, E. von Martens. Sub-var. sendtneri, summit of the 
Osser, Bavaria (Clessin, 1.c.). 
France—Slopes of the Brevent, Chamounix, Haute Savoie, Sept. 1876! ; sub-var. 
camprodunica, on the mountains of Mont-Louis, Pyrénées Orientales (Servain, l.c.); 
sub-vars. watartii Farines, and canigonica Fagot, Pyrénées Orientales. 
Austro-Hungary—Salzburg and Untersberg, E. von Martens. It is especially 
characteristic of the Tyrol, and recorded from the Dolomites by Gredler; from 
Arlberg by E. von Martens ; while Mr. E. Collier has specimens from Valfondo ; 
and Mr. G. K. Gude from Mont Messules. Sub-vars. sfentzi and trachia are found 
near the mountain tops of the Tyrol (Servain, l.e.). Sub-var. watartii, Choralpi in 
Carinthia, E. von Martens. 
Switzerland—Wengern Alp, Canton Berne, E. von Martens. 
Italy—Sub-var. costulata, Val Tonale, Lombardy, at an altitude of 8,300 feet 
(Kobelt, l.e.). Sub-vars. stentzi and trachia are found on the mountain summits of 
the Alpine region of Lombardy, the latter notably from Agordo near Brescia 
(Servain, l.c.). 
Spain—Sub-var. camprodunica, Camprodon near Gerona ! J. H. Ponsonby. 
Norway—Christiania, G. O. Sars. Fredriksvaern and Dovre at an altitude of 
1,000 metres, B. Esmark. 
Denmark—Learséen nr. Lygten, Jutland, and at Rudesdal, Zealand (Westl., l-c.). 
VARIATIONS IN SUBSTANCE OF SHELL. 
Var. calearea Hiégberg, K. Sv. Vet. Ak. Handl., 1841. 
Helix arbustorum var. creticola Mirch, Syn. Moll. Dan., 1864. 
The var. ealearea is de- 
scribed as possessing a thick, 
solid, and caleareous shell, 
fuscous-chestnut in colour, 
with yellow fleckings; interior 
obscurely purplish. Diam. 
22-95 mill. ; alt. 16-21 mill. 
The sub-var. ereticola is 
described as having the shell Fic. 493.—Helicigona arbustorum var. creticola Mirch, 
large, very solid and ponderous. Island of Méen, Denmark (Coll. Copenhagen University). 
Diam. 27 mill. The weight of a typical specimen in the Museum of the Copenhagen 
University is 15 grains. 
ENGLAND. 
York S.E.—Specimens have been found by Mr. J. F. Musham at Barlby near 
Selby, weighing 13 grains. ; 
CONTINENTAL DISTRIBUTION. 
Sweden—Var. calcarea, almost everywhere in the Isle of Gothland and adjacent 
island of Karlsoarne; also at Hallbros in Westerheide, and in Thorsburg (Wester- 
lund, Syn. Moll. Sver., 1871, p. 43). 
Denmark—Sub-var. cretico/a, in a limestone quarry, Klintholm, Isle of Méen 
(Steenberg, Landsnegle Danmarks, 1912, p. 104). 
Var. picea Rossmiissler, Iconog., 1837, Heft v., vi., p. 5, 6, f. 297d. 
Helix arbustorum var. conica-nigra Férussac, Hist. Moll., 1822, pl. 27a, f. 10. 
Helix arbustorum var. fusca Moq.-Tand., Hist. Moll., 1858, vol. il., p. 124. 
Helix ethiops Bielz, Verh. Mitth. Siebenb. Ver., 1860, p. 221. 
Helix arbustorum var. septentrionalis Clessin, Mal. Bl., 1879, vol. i., pp. 14, 15. 
Helix arbustorum var. /ragilis Esmark, Norges Moll., 1880, p. 99. 
Helix arbustorum v. fagoti Bourg. in Locard, Prodr. Mal. France, 1882, pp. 60 & 306. 
Helix arbustorum vars. fragilis and /ulva Wattebled, Journ. de Conch., 1889, p. 319. 
Helix arbustorum var. gotlandica Westerlund, Nachr. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1894, 
Helix arbustorum var. miembranacea Steenberg, Landsnegle Danmarks, 1912, p. 104, 
Helix arbustorum var. wittmanni Zawadzsky Mss. 
