~—— 
434 HELICIGONA ARBUSTORUM. 
» VARIATIONS IN SIZE OF SHELL. 
Var. major L. Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. Viv., 1848, vol. 1., p. 340. 
Helix arbustorum var. excelsa Clessin, Mal. Blatt., N.F., 1886, vol. viii., p. 166. 
Helix arbustorum var. magna Kuster f. von Martens. 
Helix arbustorum var. grandis Parreyss. 
Fic. 495. Fic. 496. 
Fic. 495.—Helix arbustorum var. mayor Pfeiffer, Carpathian Mountains, Wallachia, G. K. Gude. 
Fic. 496.—Helix arbustorum sub-var. excelsa Clessin, Buda-Pesth, F. H. Sikes. 
SHELL larger. Diam. 30 mill. ; alt. 20 mill. 
Dr. Servain erroneously refers to the var. jetschiné of Ulieny the shells figured 
by Martini and Chemnitz, Monog. Helix (pl. 57, figs. 4, 5), which are more properly 
regarded as the var. major. 
It is also, according to Dr. E. von Martens, the var. magna of Kuster, and judg- 
ing by specimens in the Biilow collection, the var. grandis Parreyss is identical with 
the sub-var. excelsa Clessin. 
Dr. Jeffreys’ var. major is described as shell larger, spire more depressed, 25 mill. 
in diam., and 173 mill. in alt., and as not very uncommon. Prof. E. von Martens 
gives the dimensions of the variety as diam. maj. 29 mill., diam. min. 26 mill., and 
alt. 20 mill., and describes it as ‘‘albida, fusco-conspersa, fascia rufa, lata.” Mr. 
L. E. Adams assigns an alt. of 20 mill. and a diam. of 27-30 mill. for the variety. 
Mr. Rimmer ascribes no special dimensions to this variety, which he describes 
as ‘shell larger, spire considerably depressed.” 
The sub-var. exeelsa is very large and strong, with bright though normal 
colouration and altitude of spire. Diam. 30 mill.; alt. 21 mill. 
ENGLAND AND WALES. 
Kent E.—Var. major Jettr., Dover, July 1898, C. E. Wright. 
Oxford—Var. major Jeffr., near Oxford, 1881 ! Rey. S. Spencer Pearce. 
Northampton—Var. major Jeffr., Thorpe, rare, July 1882, A.W. Nichols. Oundle, 
July 1905, C. E. Wright. 
Derby—Var. major Jeffr., Matlock, 1885 ! H. E. Craven. 
York S.E.—Var. major Jettr., Fulford gravel pits, Sept. 1879, Rev. W. C. Hey. 
Newsholme, July 1886 ! J. Beanland. 
York S.W.—Var. major Jeffr., Oulton and Wentbridge, 1883, J. Wilcock. 
York Mid W.—Var. major Jetfr., Knaresborough, 1866, J. Blackburn. 
York N.E.—V. major Jeftr., Castle Holmes, Scarborough, July 1881, C. Ashford. 
CONTINENTAL DISTRIBUTION. 
Germany —Var. major Jeffr., Wachwitz and Georgenthal, Saxony, F. H. Sikes. 
Heidelberg, Baden, 1887 ! Wilfred Bendall. Passau, Bavaria, Mrs. Fitzgerald. 
France—Var. major Jeffr., Grande Chartreuse, Isere, 1882 ! Rev. S. S. Pearce ; 
and is recorded from St. Maur-les-Fossés, Seine, by M. Pascal. Recorded by Capt. 
Wattebled as common on the banks of the Loire from Chay, Cote d'Or, to Mont- 
barrey, Jura. 
Switzerland—Var. major Jeffr., Frutigen, Canton Berne, Ang. 1876 ! 
Austro-Hungary—Var. major Pfr., on the Monchberg, Salzburg (Pfeiffer, ].c.). 
Grossraming, Upper Austria (Clessin, le.). Var. major Jetfr., Gmunden and Salz- 
kammergut, Upper Austria ; and Buda-Pesth, Hungary, 1882! Mrs. Fitzgerald. 
Var. major Amstellia, Vienna, Austria; and sub-var. exce/sa, Buda-Pesth, Hungary ! 
F. H. Sikes. Sub-var. magna, Carniola, Dr. E. von Martens. Sub-var. grandis, 
Parreyss, Grossraming, Upper Austria ! E. Collier. 
Roumania—Var. major Pfr., Carpathian Mountains, Wallachia ! G. K. Gude. 
Sub-var. excelsa, Poana Stanei, at an altitude of about 6,000 feet (Clessin, op. cit.). 
Russia—Var. major Pfr., Crimea, E. von Martens. 
