HELICIGONA ARBUSTORUM. 435 
° sh c A ar 
Var. alpicola Férussac, T'abl. Syst., 1819, p. 34, pl. 27, f. 7. 
Helix arbustorum var. alpestris Zglr., Rossm., Icon., 1833, p. 57, pl. 5, f. 297b. 
Helix arbustorum var. alpicola Charp., Moll. Suisse, 1837, p. 6. 
Helix arbustorum vars. alpinula and subalpina Hartm., Gast. Schweiz, 1844, p. 57, etc. 
Helix arbustorum var. minima Pfr., Mon. Hel. Viv., 1848, vol. i., p. 340. 
Helix alpestris Dum, & Mort., Mal. Savoie, 1837, p. 80. 
Helix arbustorum var. alpina Yate, Brit. Moll., 1866, p. 137, pl. vii., f. 62a. 
Helix elaphra Mabille, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1883. 
Helix arbustorum var. minor Steenberg, Landsnegle Danmarks, 1912, p. 104. 
The var. alpieola is identical with the var. alpestris 
of Rossm., and is markedly smaller in size than the typical 
form, with a more elevated spire; usually the shell is 
yellowish in colour, solid and opaque, with a darker 
supra-peripheral band. Diam, 14; alt. 13 mill. (see Monogr., 
pl. xxxiv., f. 6). Fic. 497.—//. arbustorum 
The var. alpicola, though occasionally found under — var. aépicola Fér., Hoddes- 
other quite different but equally unfavourable conditions, 40» Herts. 
is essentially a stunted alpine form, frequenting the elevated mountain pastures 
of Europe, on felspathie, taleous or calcareous rocks, quite to the limit of per- 
petual snow, and in montane districts are often buried beneath the snow for the 
greater part of the year. 
The sub-vars. alpinula and elaphra are apparently identical, differing from 
var. alpicola s.s. in being often somewhat smaller in size, thinner in substance and 
nearly pellucid, and sometimes marbled or speckled, but are here restricted to the 
marbled or speckled forms. 
The snb-var. subalpina of Hartmann & Scholtz is intermediate between the 
type and var. a/picola in size and character, with a solid shell, which tends ocea- 
sionally to be somewhat transparent. 
The sub-var. minor is slightly larger and more depressed in form than typical 
var. alpicola. Diam. 15; alt. 134 mill. 
The sub-var. minima is less elevated than var. alpicola. Diam. 14; alt. 10 mill. 
ENGLAND AND WALES. 
Somerset N.—-Leigh Woods! Miss F. M. Hele. 
Kent E.—Tolkestone, Rey. A. M. Norman. 
Herts.—Numerous on the marshes by the side of the R. Lea, Hoddesdon, and 
all of the same form and size, J. Pickering (J. G. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., 1862). 
Broxbourne, A. Reynell. Grounds of Ware Priory, 1877, Dr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys. 
Oxon.—Cropredy (D. Pidgeon, Q.J.C., 1875, p. 56). 
Bucks.—Colnbrook, June 1906! I’. H. Sikes. 
Bedford—Tottenhoe Mead, 1888, J. Saunders. 
Northampton— Kettering & Twywell, July 1896. Barford, Jan.1893, C.E. Wright. 
Stafford—Grindon, Dovedale, EK. D. Bostock. 
Lincoln S.—Grantham, R. Worsdale. 
Lincoln N.—On banks of Witham, 1882, J.T. Lightwood. Hubbard’s Hill, 
Louth, and Wyham, 1900, also Pelham’s Pillar Wood and Caistor, August 1902, 
C. S. Carter. 
Notts.—Near Darlton, B. Sturges Dodd. 
Derby—Monksdale, May, 1888! T. Hey. Matlock, 1885! H. E. Craven. 
Monsal Dale, Rev. H. Milnes. Buaton, 1887, J. H. Ponsonby. Chapel-en-le-Frith, 
and associated with sub-var. a@/pinula, Miller's Dale, August 1892! C. Oldham. 
Lancashire S.—Simonstone, 1889! RK. Wigglesworth. Whalley, Sept. 1885! 
E. Collier. 
York S.E.—Settrington, Sept. 1877! H. Pollard. Kirkham Abbey, Aug. 1891, 
Lionel E. Adams. 
York N.E.—Hambleton Hills, Sept. 1881! R. M. Christy. 
York S.W.—Wentbridge and Oulton, 1883, J. Wilcock. Goole, August 1877 ! 
W. Nelson. 
York Mid W.—Knaresboronel, 1866, J. Blackburn. Malham, June 1883 ! W. 
West. Barnoldswick, June 1909, F. Booth. Small bog by canal, Skipton, July 
1884! W. Whitwell. Ingleton, August 1877 ! W. Denison Roebuck. 
York N.W.—Worton, August 1877! H. Crowther. Coverdale, 1887, R. C. 
Chaytor. Satron and near Ivelet Bridge, July 1884 ! W. Denison Roebuek. 
Westmorland and Lake Lancashire—Troutbeck, Ff. H. Sikes. Shores of Lake 
Windermere, 1887, A. Holland. 
Cumberland—Keswick (J. Murray, Trans. Carlisle Nat. Hist. Soc., 1909). 
