HELICIGONA ARBUSTORUM. 443 
ENGLAND. 
Derby—A specimen, the var. /lavescens in colouring, on nettles, at roadside, 
Ashwood Dale, near Buxton, Aug. 1887 ! C. Oldham. 
CONTINENTAL DISTRIBUTION. 
France—Recorded by Dr. Grateloup for the north of France. 
Austro-Hungary—Found by Herr Tschapeck in the meadows by the River 
Salza near Mittendorf, Styria. 
Switzerland—JH.. arbustorum var. contraria, The example figured by Férussae 
was found above Gryon, Vaud (Charpentier, op. cit.); and Dr. Hartmann figures 
two specimens found by Herr Scheuchzer at Chur in the Grisons. 
Denmark—A specimen recorded by Dr. Mérch as found in the neighbourhood 
of the Rosenborg Bastion, Copenhagen. 
Monstr. sealare [érussac. 
Helix arbustorum monstr. scalare Férussac, Tabk Syst., 1820, p. 34, pl. xxix, ff. 1, 2. 
Helix turgidula Wood, Index Test. Suppl., 1828, pl. 7, f. 6. 
SHELL with the whorls more or less dislocated. 
A 
Fic. S04. Fic. 505. 
Fic. 504.—H.. arbustorum m. scalare Fér., Whaley Bridge, Cheshire, Mr. H. Allan, junr. 
Fic. 505.—H. arbustorum sub-var. subscalare, Castleton, Derby, Mr. R. Standen. 
ENGLAND. 
Derby—A subscalarid shell, the Winyats, near Castleton ! R. Standen, 
Cheshire—W haley Bridge, May 1912 ! H. Allan, junr. 
CONTINENTAL DISTRIBUTION, 
Holland—Heerenveen, Friesland! G. K. Gude. 
Norway—A cornucopiate specimen at Modum near Christiania, Miss B. Esmark. 
Geographical Distribution. — //elicigona arbustorum is chiefly a 
north European species, reaching to the furthest limits of north-western 
Europe, but has extended into Spain in the south-west, and as far as 
the Crimea in the south-east; as a subdominant species it has been 
expelled from the most favourable districts, and now inhabits the lofty 
mountain-summits or the marshy tracts of low-lying lands, and is com- 
paratively scarce in the intervening areas. ‘Though probably most 
frequently found on calcareous ground, it is not confined to any special 
geological formation, but is found almost indifferently on nearly every 
variety of ground, the influence of the surroundings being frequently 
reflected in the character of the shell. 
It has been recorded, apparently erroneously, from Sicily by Aradas and 
Maggiore, and Mr. Lowe is incorrectly said to have quoted it as Madeiran ; 
it has also been by some error recorded from 'l'ripoli by Dr. Stecker; from 
North America by Dr. P. P. Carpenter and others; and by Dr. Kuster 
from Verreaux, New South Wales, 
