~~, 
476 APPENDIX—HELIX POMATIA. 
Var. alba Moquin-Tandon. 
SWITZERLAND. 
Ticino—One specimen found by Abbe Stabile at Castagnola. 
SCANDINAVIA. 
Denmark—Not rare (Steenberg, Nachrb. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1913, p. 128). 
Var. rufula Moquin-Tandon. 
WALES. 
Flint—Quarries behind Prestatyn with the type form (Standen and Jackson, 
Laneashire Naturalist, Dec. 1913, p. 352). 
FRANCE. 
Maine-et-Loire—Rather common about Angers according to Dr. Germain. 
Pyramidula ruderata (Studer). 
Geological Distribution.—This species is said to have been found 
in the Forest-Bed, which is regarded as late Pliocene or early Pleistocene, 
according to individual bias. 
PLeIstocENE.— Abundant and fine in the alluvial deposits at Woodston, 
Huntingdonshire, where it has been found by the Rey. C. E. Y. Kendall. 
In Laneashire Mid, several found amongst the cave-earth in the Dog- 
Holes Caves, Warton Crag, near Carnforth, by Mr. J. Wilfrid Jackson. 
In Germany, Dr. Béttger records it from alluvium at Frankfort-on-the- 
Main. 
FAmiILty HELICID Linné. 
SUB-FAMILY BELOGONA Pilsbry. 
Grourp BELOGONA SIPHONADENIA Pilsbry. 
GENUS HELIX Linné. 
Helix pomatia Linné. 
Classification.—The Rev. E. W. W. Bowell from a careful study of the 
radula concludes that Helix pomatia, H. aspersa, H. nemoralis, H. hortensis 
and H. pisana constitute a well defined, striking, and homogeneous group, 
easily separable from other sections, though each shows distinctive 
features of minor importance. 
Parasites.— An active yellow mite was observed on this species by 
Prof. C. Semper, but unfortunately not identified or studied. 
The Bee Osmia helicicola, according to Johnston, usually makes use of 
the empty shells of this species as a site for its nest, while another insect, 
Saupyga punctuta, occupies the same shell and passes through two of the 
stages of its existence within the cells of the Osmia. 
Geographical Distribution —Little advance has been made in our 
knowledge of the range of this species; the shell is so very large and 
conspicuous that its presence in any district cannot readily be overlooked 
by the observer. 
