APPENDIX—HELIX POMATIA. 477 
In Northamptonshire, the knowledge of its presence, which was previ- 
ously in a large measure historical, has been investigated by Mr. C. E. 
Wright, of Kettering, who reports it as numerous in a rose coppice at 
Denford, Aug. 1900; a good colony in disused stone quarry at Slipton, 
June 1907; a thriving colony in all stages of growth found in hedge- 
rows near Sudborough in 1907; on railway bank, Ringstead ; near old 
quarry, Rockingham Park; and numerous feeding in the hedgerows at 
Woodford. 
Though generally distributed throughout Eastern and South-eastern 
France, it does not yet naturally exist, according to M. Granger, to the 
south of the river Garonne, and is quite rare in the department of 
Charente-Inférieure. It is also recorded by Dr. Germain as very common 
in many localities on the elevated limestone plateau in Maine-et-Loire. 
In Croatia, it is recorded as Pomatia antiquorum Leach from many 
localities by Prof. Spiridon Brusina. 
In Roumania, Dr. Kobelt has recorded receiving specimens from Dr. 
Heynemann from several localities near Bucharest. 
In Denmark, Dr. Steenberg says it is common near the cities and in 
convent gardens in Kast Jutland, and also on the larger islands. 
Variation.—In addition to the varieties treated upon or enumerated 
in Parts xvi. and xvui., others of more or less interest and importance have 
since been added or have come to my knowledge. 
Light is thrown on the variation of this species by the researches of 
Dr. Otto Biichner, who has devoted special attention and study to the 
forms it assumes, and has published two special treatises thereon in which 
he accurately figures many of the varieties. Several of his illustrations 
are, therefore, reproduced here for the guidance of those to whom the 
original work may not be readily accessible. 
Amongst other interesting or rare forms which he figures and describes 
are the vars. inflata and sphewralis of Hartmann; the vars. turrita and 
grandis of authors, ete. 
He also brings forward as novelties, or as forms requiring distinctive 
names, the vars. normalis, plagiostoma, parva, vulgaris, ulbescens, and 
diaphana. 
The var. detrita of Dr. Keenig von Warthausen is a large woodland form, 
fifty to fifty-six millimetres in diameter, and characterised by a very 
perishable and caducous epidermis, which he has found frequenting the 
open deciduous woods with little undergrowth about Tubingen, Ulm, 
Stuttgart, and elsewhere in Wurtemburg. 
Mr. A. G. Stubbs has observed that at Gallow’s Hill, Hertfordshire, the 
darker specimens are found in the more shaded localities, and that when 
the animals live in the more open and exposed places the shells tend to 
become bleached by the sun. 
Occasionally the aperture may in this species become restricted by the 
formation of a septum, due to the winter epiphragm not being entirely 
thrown off and the vestige remaining adherent to the shell becoming 
overlaid by a shelly deposit. A specimen showing this phenomenon was 
found by Mr. H. C. Higgins at Charing, Kent, in 1909. 
Dr. von Gallenstein also alludes to a var. /wevrosa, not yet found in 
Carinthia, but of which he gives no description. 
