APPENDIX—HELIX PISANA. 4S7 
Var. ludoviciana Moquin-l'andon (see p. 341). 
Helix hortensis var. cornea Germain, Moll. Angers, 1903, p. 94. 
The snb-var. cornea is described as of ordinary size, extremely thin and trans- 
parent, of a bright and uniform golden-yellow, or occasionally whitish or rose 
coloured, with the characteristic striations of a clearer colour than the rest of the 
shell, lip thick and pure white. 
FRANCE. 
Maine-et-Loire—Rare on nettles by Lake of St. Nicholas, Angers. 
Var. fuscolabiata Kreglinger (see p. 358). 
AUSTRO-HUNGARY. 
Bohemia—Recorded from near Reichenberg by Herr Slavik. 
SUB-GENUS Huparypha Hartmann (see p. 368). 
Classification.—Comm. Caziot has constituted a group Pisanana to 
embrace /Telix pisana and species which he regards as closely allied thereto. 
Helix pisana Miiller (see p. 368). 
Origin.— //elix pisanu is considered by Dr. Scharff to have originated 
in the Lusitanian region, and to have reached this country from the South- 
west, but the recent discovery by Dr. Bouly de Lesdain of this species in 
the Pleistocene deposits of the extreme North-east of France do not sup- 
port this contention. 
Reproduction and Development.—'l'he amours of this species in 
Sicily, according to Signor ‘I’. de Stefani, commence in September and 
October, immediately on the advent of the autumn rains, which terminate 
their summer estivation, and at which period numbers of individuals can 
be seen wandering about, seeking their prospective partners. Conjugation 
is, aS In many other species, preceded by many amorous acts, the anterior 
part of the foot of each animal being raised and closely appressed to that 
of its mate, while they mutually caress each other with their tentacles, 
and indulge in many other endearing blandishments. 
During the act of congress the animals are partially retracted within 
their shells, and if disturbed retire still further inside, so that the mouths 
of the two shells are brought into close apposition ; the connection usually 
continues for about two hours, and never for so long a period as a day or 
“more, as has been stated by some authors. 
In from one to four days after pairing, the snails commence egg deposi- 
tion, unless a dry period intervenes, when the process may be delayed for 
many days. Under favourable circumstances the deposition oceupies an 
entire day, the snail choosing a convenient and moist place, a hedge-bottom 
being preferred, and excavating a nidus therein, which is usually about 
43 mill. in diameter and 13 mill. in depth. This excavation is accomplished 
by the mollusk gradually insinuating its body into the earth, until the 
required depth has been attained, the displaced earth becoming piled 
around the margins. 
