™,. 
490 APPENDIX—HELICIGONA ARBUSTORUM. 
Var. minor Moquin-Tandon (see p. 407). 
FRANCE. 
Comm. Caziot reports the occurrence of this variety at La Pierre-qui-Vire, in 
the department of the Yonne. 
Var. radiata Gassies (see p. 410). 
SPAIN. 
Mr. Jolliffe reports from Catalonia the sub-var. fammulata of Dupuy ; and the 
sub-var. fulva is recorded from Voutenay, Yonne, by Comm. Caziot. 
Helicigona arbustorum (L.) (see p. 417). 
Origin.—Dr. P. Germain is of opinion that Helicigona arbustorum is a 
species of undeniably Alpine origin, and in confirmation of this view 
remarks that it is still rarer in the plains than on montane or submontane 
regions ; but as pointed ont (p. 443) //. arbustorum is a subdominant 
species, and has been expelled from the more favourable districts, and 
is now chiefly found on the less desirable marshy or low-lying lands, or in 
mountaimous regions, and is not common in the intervening more favour- 
able country. 
Physiology and Food.—Mr. R. Welch, who has kept this and other 
species in confinement, has observed that AH. arbustorum has a great 
capacity for food, devouring many times the amount consumed by Helix 
nemoralis, and therefore, as I would observe, be less able to resist priva- 
tion in times of stress. 
Habits.—Prof. A. E. Boycott reports that in the Forest of Dean, where 
this species is very plentiful, he has observed in July great numbers of 
immature shells, adherent to the vegetation or other objects, fully exposed 
to the hot mid-day sun. 
Geological Distribution.— PLeisrocenr.—In France, it is recorded 
by Dr. Germain from the quaternary beds of Pas-de-Calais ; in the tufa of 
St. Pierre lés Elbeuf, Seine Inférieure ; and of Buisse, Istre ; in the lacus- 
trine marls of the Rhéne Valley, Lyons; and in the loess of Bas-Rhin, 
Alsace, Jura, Rhéne, Ardéche, and Dauphiny. 
In Belgium, it was found in the tufa of La Sauvage, in the Grand Duchy 
of Luxembourg, by Bleicher and Fliche. 
Honocenr.—Mr. J. Wilfrid Jackson has found 1. arbustorum commonly 
ina Neolithic hill-wash in Clapdale, near Clapham, Mid-west Yorkshire. 
Geographical Distribution.— 
ENGLAND. 
Norfolk W.—Mr. W. Royal-Dawson found this species at Sedgeford in 1906 ! 
FRANCE. 
Dr. P. Germain states that though this species has been observed in nearly every 
department, it is more especially found in the centre and east of the country. 
NEARCTIC REGION. 
Mewfonndland.- Recorded by Mr. Whiteaves as introduced in the neighbourhood 
of St. John. 
